中国早期陶器的研究

本文通过对历史、考古文献的梳理,将学界对于中国陶器起源及早期发展的探索过程分为三个阶段进行回顾;并指出早期陶器研究中存在的几个问题,认为多学科的综合研究将有利于中国早期陶器相关问题的深入探讨。     

Anthropological and physicochemical investigation of the burnt remains of Tomb IX in the ‘Sa Figu’ hypogeal necropolis (Sassari,Italy) – Early Bronze Age

Excavations carried out in Tomb IX of the hypogeic necropolis of ‘Sa Figu’, near the village of Ittiri (Sassari, Italy), supplied burnt human bone remains and pottery unambiguously referred to the Early Bronze Age (characterised by the local culture of ‘Bonnannaro’). Besides the anthropological study, we have investigated and evaluated the possibility of a funerary cremation practice in Sardinian pre‐history, a subject that has previously not been considered from a scientific point of view. Making use of a calibration procedure based on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) line‐broadening analysis, related to the microstructural properties, it was possible to estimate the combustion temperature to which the fragmented bones were subjected. It was found that the studied bones reached temperatures varying from 400°C up to a maximum of 850°C. This spread of values suggested inhomogeneous combustion of the bones, which seems compatible with funerary cremation practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Standing at the gates of Europe: Human behavior and biogeography in the Southern Carpathians during the Late Pleistocene

This study presents a behavioral analysis of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages from 14 sites located in the southern Carpathian Mountains. Using a whole assemblage behavioral indicator, we show that the hominins that manufactured those stone tools do not appear to have differed in terms of the flexibility of the mobility strategies they employed to exploit their landscapes. Rather than biological change, we argue that large-scale climate changes are likely more important drivers of behavioral changes during the Late Pleistocene of the region, including during the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition. These results agree well with the results of studies having employed this methodology in other regions, suggesting that this is a generalized feature of the transition across Eurasia. Recasting the transition as a mainly ecological rather than purely biocultural process allows us to generate new perspectives from which to approach the question of behavioral change during the Late Pleistocene, and ultimately suggests that the process referred to as the ‘Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition’ is essentially a brief segment of a much more extensive process driven by prehistoric human–environment interactions that would culminate in the highly logistical mobility strategies documented throughout the continent at the Last Glacial Maximum.     

Transformations in an early agricultural society: Feasting in the southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic

Feasting is a powerful and transformative phenomenon. Societies are both integrated and differentiated through feasting; identities are both enacted and altered; and ideologies are inculcated. This paper uses ethnographic data to establish criteria for the archaeological recognition of prehistoric feasting. These criteria are then used to assess the changing evidence for feasting across the southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic (ca. 10,200–7500 BP/9700–6250 cal BC), with the aim of shedding light on changes in social organization across the transition to agriculture.During most of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the extent and scale of feasting expanded as sociopolitical complexity increased. Towards the end of the period, however, populations dispersed and feasting probably declined. Feasts were simultaneously integrative and competitive, ameliorating scalar stress even as they offered opportunities for individual or household competition. Feasts may also have played a key role in conferring ideological prominence on Neolithic cattle, and perhaps even contributed to their adoption as domesticates.     

Immunological evidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in an Egyptian child mummy from the Early Dynastic Period

A 15–18 months old child mummy, presently housed in Turin's Museum of Anthropology, was discovered in Gebelein (Upper Egypt) during excavations carried out by the Missione Archeologica Italiana, most likely in 1914.     

辽宁西丰县永淳遗址及墓地的发掘

2009年9～10月,对永淳遗址及墓地进行了发掘。在遗址区发现房址、灰坑、灶址等遗迹,墓地中共清理墓葬11座,出土遗物有陶器、石器、铜器等。从遗物特征分析,永淳遗址及墓地的文化内涵一致,其时代为战国晚期至西汉初期。此次发掘对于认识辽北地区寇河流域这一时期的文化谱系起到重要推动作用。     

明早期官窑青花瓷器所用钴料的产地特征和晕散成因分析

为揭示明早期官窑青花瓷器所用钴料的产地特征和"色散而不收"的原因,以明早期官窑青花瓷器和阿联酋采集的伊斯兰蓝彩器标本为研究对象,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)和激光诱导击穿光谱分析(LIBS)分析方法分别对青花或者蓝彩纹饰部位以及釉的常规元素组成含量和氧化硼含量进行测试分析。结果表明:1)景德镇明早期青花瓷器所用钴料与伊斯兰蓝彩器标本类似,均为含有硼元素的经过预熔处理的低锰型钴料。2)明早期官窑青花瓷器"色散而不收"的主要原因在于其采用了含有硼的高钠、高钙以及低铝、低硅的预熔处理过的钴玻璃料。研究结果从硼元素角度佐证了明早期官窑青花瓷器所用的进口钴料可能来自于伊斯兰地区,为今后青花钴料的产地研究提供了新的视角和数据。     

南方地区若干典型遗址出土早期陶器工艺比较分析

古代保留下来的遗存中陶器最为丰富,承载着我国先民们生产、生活的各类丰富信息本工作是在以往中科院上海硅酸盐研究所和景德镇陶瓷学院等单位对我国早期陶器相关科技研究的基础上,在国家自然科学基金的支持下,结合近年来相关考古机构对我国南方广西桂林甑皮岩、江西万年仙人洞、浙江浦江上山等若干典型遗址出土早期陶器的科技研究积累,对各遗址制陶原料的选取和加工、陶器成型及烧成方法等一系列我国早期陶器制作的工艺特,点、技术内涵等进行了比较分析,以期对我国南方不同文化区系早期陶器的演变和发展有更加深入、全面和客观的认识。