The globally connected Western Ukrainian village

Abstract

What analytical framework do we need in order to study villages shaped by intensive and long-lasting migration processes? The author tackles this question by scrutinizing the history of a Western Ukrainian village from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century in a case study. Migrants and non-migrants alike were closely interconnected to each other by manifold networks. This kind of interconnectedness proved to be amazingly persistent and did not lose its function even decades after the migration processes themselves had come to an end due to economic or political caesurae. In order to fully grasp this phenomenon, it is necessary to synthesize migration and village history, striving towards a ‘micro history of the globally connected village’.     

欠发达农区传统手工业的形成与影响因素研究——以兰考县徐场村为例

传统手工业作为农区经济发展的一种重要形式,对广大农区经济发展具有重大推动作用。本文以兰考县徐场村为例,刻画了传统手工业在欠发达农区产生与发展的历程,探究其影响因素的作用机理。研究发现：①传统手工业的形成与发展是沿着初创、波动、恢复和发展等四个阶段展开,中后期的产业规模扩大较为显著;②家庭作坊呈现“小集聚,大分散”的分布格局,务工人员的来源分布较为集中但存在“灯下黑”现象,市场体系逐渐健全;③传统手工业主要受到个体因素、村庄内部和外部因素三个层面因素的影响,且在产业发展的不同时期主要影响因素并不相同;④从演化视角来看,偶然事件与收益递增的结合往往锁定了传统产业新的发展路径,而集聚效应与衍生活动的互补增强则进一步促进了传统手工业产业集群的形成。     

宝鸡益门出土金柄铁剑镶嵌宝石的化学与矿物学特性

用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及所配备的能谱仪（EDS）、X－射线衍射仪（XRD）对出土的三块宝石的化学及矿物学性质进行了分析研究,结果表明,其中两块宝石为金柄剑镶嵌宝石,其化学组成为绿松石,另一块宝石并非来自铁剑镶嵌物,具有正长石和钙长石的衍射谱图特征;绿松石加工制作过程曾使用了青铜工具进行表面打磨处理,说明我国在春秋时期已经开始使用青铜打磨工具。     

河南济源市蓼坞汉墓

一、概况 1994年7月,河南省公安厅接黄河小浪底水利枢纽建设管理局公安处汇报,该局在驻地施工中发现古代墓葬一座,出土数十……     

陕西传统堡寨聚落类型研究

针对"传统堡寨聚落"这一重要的人类聚落形态,文章选择相关遗存丰富的陕西地区作为研究重点,以典型实例为依托,分别从"自然地理"与"社会人文"两种角度展开分项类型研究,归纳总结各类型的聚落结构特征。揭示出堡寨聚落物质硬防卫与精神软防卫的双重性格。最后,强调指出类型多样的堡寨聚落及其丰富遗存成为陕西地区的特色,应及时针对这一不可再生的文化资源开展的系统研究。     

Tourism and the “villagers without history”: the case of Yubeng

In recent years, Tibetan Yubeng Village, located in southwest China, has become a hot spot for studying community tourism development in China's minority areas. Studies of Yubeng Village have been made on two tourism benefit distribution systems that are dominated by the community: the accommodation income distribution system and the caravan rotation system. Analysis and discussion of researchers are based on the formation, change, and influence of these two systems. However, different researchers have different interpretations of some fundamental facts, whether in terms of the time of the systems’ changes or in terms of the specific contents of such changes. Based on firsthand interview records and auxiliary secondhand materials obtained from field investigation, this study mainly takes “time of system change” as an example to discuss the reasons for these differences and advises that researchers should be more rigorous when facing those fundamental facts.     

Co-housing childhoods: parents’ mediation of urban risk through participation in intentional communities

Co-housing is a form of intentional community that encourages shared living and sees members jointly build and develop urban housing projects. Through an emphasis on traffic-free developments and reference to strong community sentiment, co-housing is construed by parents as providing a safer and more desirable location for raising children. Drawing on fieldwork in two Canadian co-housing developments, this paper demonstrates how parents are able to mediate risks associated with traffic, bullies, and strangers.     

宋代以来徽州文化象征的塑造——以程朱阙里的建构为中心

宋代以后,徽州文化由尚武转变为文雅,理学成为徽州文化的象征。歙县黄墩(篁墩)因为与二程和朱熹的特殊联系,受到徽州理学界的重视。明清时期,徽州先后两次掀起建构程朱阙里的高潮。在徽州理学界、士绅、宗族和商人的共同努力下,国家权力最终认可了篁墩为程朱阙里。此一建构过程是徽州社会各界自觉选择的结果,充分反映了徽州文化的本质。     

从“原真性”实践反思中国遗产保护——以宏村为例

原真性是一个建构的概念,中国遗产保护在与国际接轨过程中,没有基于中国文化背景对其加以操作细化。本文通过宏村案例研究发现,在政府以"原真性"为指导思想的自上而下的遗产保护行动中,一直未能就原真性概念本身与社区自下而上的内生力量形成有效的社会互动和共同建构,这导致了原真性概念突出地表现出国际化、行政化、精英化的特征,本土声音特别是当地社区居民的话语权缺失,最终造成了文化遗产保护趋向于表面化、静态化、无机化、旅游化。因此,在遗产保护和管理中,要将原真性理解成一种建构性的标准,充分尊重居民所具有的权力,以确保原真性实践的有效性。     

Changing places: investigating the cultural terrain of village pubs in south Northamptonshire

The village pub has traditionally held an important ‘place’ in British economy and society and as such is an interesting site for social and cultural analysis. At one level, it is a site with pronounced mythic qualities. Yet on another level, the place of the village pub is highly unstable and contested, with many reportedly facing closure. Adopting an avowedly ‘production-centred’ approach, this paper presents exploratory survey findings from two case study villages in south Northamptonshire. This includes an examination of each pub's input supply network, including links with brewers and other suppliers. The paper attempts to move beyond viewing the village pub simply as a declining rural service and focuses in particular on the ways in which pubs commodify ‘local culture’ as an economic resource. It concludes by introducing the concept of ‘cultural terrain’ and its application to the study of village pubs and rural services more generally.

Changement de décor: examiner le champ culturel des pubs de village dans le sud du Northamptonshire

Le pub de village a conservé depuis longtemps une «place» importante dans l'économie et la société de l'Angleterre. Il est un lieu qui présente un grand intérêt pour analyser les dimensions sociales et culturelles. Le pub de village est d'emblée un lieu ayant acquis d'importantes qualités mythiques, mais occupe à un autre niveau une place très instable et contestée. Selon les informations disponibles, plusieurs auraient déclaré faillite. Partant d'une approche ouvertement «centrée sur la production», cet article présente des conclusions d'une étude de cas exploratoire réalisée sur deux villages dans le sud du Northamptonshire. Il est proposé un examen du réseau d'approvisionnement de chaque pub, y compris les partenariats avec les brasseurs et fournisseurs. L'article tente de dépasser l'idée que le pub de village est un service rural en voie de disparition. Il porte principalement sur les façons dont les pubs commercialise la «culture locale» pour en faire une ressource économique. L'article se termine par un survol de la notion de «champ culturel» et de son application dans la présente étude sur les pubs de village et les services ruraux en général.

Cambiar de lugar: una investigación del terreno cultural de los bares de pueblos en el sur de Northamptonshire

Tradicionalmente el bar de un pueblo ha ocupado un lugar importante en la economía y la sociedad británicas y por eso es un sitio interesante donde hacer análisis social y cultural. A un nivel es un sitio de cualidades míticas pero a otro nivel el lugar del bar del pueblo es muy inestable, ya que muchos corren el peligro de que los cierren. Con un enfoque centrado en la producción, este papel presenta los resultados de estudios preliminares realizados en dos pueblos del sur de Northamptonshire. Incluye un examen de la red de proveedores de cada bar, incluyendo los vínculos con cervecerías y otros proveedores. El papel pretende ir más allá de la idea que hay del bar del pueblo como un servicio rural en declive y se centra en particular en las maneras en que los bares hacen mercancía de ‘la cultura local’ como recurso económico. Concluye por introducir el concepto de ‘terreno cultural’ y la aplicación de ello al estudio de los bares de pueblos y servicios en zonas rurales en general.