Shattered Dreams: The Longing for “Post Independent India”

For Dalits in rural India, Nehru's vision of an Indian nation-state devoid of caste prejudice stimulated dreams and hopes of a better future. As a people who regularly experienced social and economic marginalisation by the upper castes over the centuries, they saw independent India as a transformed space, one that would accommodate the needs and aspirations of all its citizens, especially the oppressed and downtrodden. By the end of the 1950s, however, such dreams had been shattered, as Dalits increasingly came to realise that they had been mostly excluded from development programs launched by the postcolonial state. Dalit exclusion from the process of nation-state building constitutes an injustice that ignores their contribution to the national project. In this paper I examine some of the narratives that were told to me by second- and third-generation Dalits. Their oral histories celebrate the Dalits' vital role in India's freedom movement and the period that followed. Pride in their contribution formed the basis of the new Dalit politics that developed in the 1980s through the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), which has become an extremely powerful political force at the national level.     

江苏徐州金山村汉墓

在金山村发现的两座西汉早期墓葬,皆属土坑石椁墓。椁室由较为规整的石板组成,木棺和墓主人的骨骼已朽,随葬品有陶器、原始瓷器、铜器、玉器等。     

济南大辛庄商代遗址的性质问题

济南大辛庄遗址是一座自商代前期后段至商代后期的大型文化遗址。该遗址包含典型的商文化和传统的岳石文化两种因素。自商代早期后段商夷联盟解体后,大辛庄一带始终是商族和东夷族政治、军事活动频繁,文化相互渗透和影响深刻的重要地带。大辛庄一带极有可能为商朝经略东方地区的重要军事基地。     

探索农村基层治理与脱贫致富结合之路

湘西自治州各族人民紧紧抓住国家西部大开发、扶贫开发、中部崛起等战略机遇,在农村积极探索基层治理与脱贫致富结合之路,把基层治理效果体现在脱贫致富成果上,实现农民富、集体富、村干富。注重加强村级领导班子建设,充分发挥村级党组织在推进农村基层治理与脱贫致富中的核心引领作用;加强党员队伍先进性建设,充分发挥党员干部在推进农村基层治理与脱贫致富中的模范带头作用;凝聚人民群众力量,充分发挥人民群众在推进农村基层治理与脱贫致富中的主体性作用。     

深圳市“城中村”非正规住房的形成与演化机制研究

非正规住房是发展中国家普遍存在的城市现象。快速城市化背景下,大量村庄被纳入城市并以"城中村"的方式成为我国城市的非正规居住空间。"城中村"非正规住房作为规划外的住房发展方式,在承担特殊的住房供应职能的同时带来各种环境、经济、社会和管理问题。论文在梳理深圳市"城中村"非正规住房发展演化过程的基础上,从制度—市场—社会的视角剖析"城中村"非正规住房形成与演化的影响因素,并运用"结构—能动性"理论总结"城中村"非正规住房形成演化的内在机理。在此基础上,提出"城中村"非正规住房的管治方向与措施。     

EARLY VILLAGE LIFE IN SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA: RECENT FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AT THE GUARD SITE (12D29)

Abstract

Investigations at the Guard site (12D29), located in Dearborn County, Indiana, have provided evidence pertaining to the development of early Fort Ancient villages. Recent geophysical survey and excavations alongside many new radiocarbon dates have allowed for improved understanding of household architecture and intrasite variability. Although some scholars have hypothesized that Middle Fort Ancient villages developed out of small early Fort Ancient hamlets, the Guard site provides explicit evidence for villages early in the Fort Ancient sequence. Guard also contains key Mississippian indicators for interaction, particularly wall-trench architecture and a Ramey knife. These findings demand that we reconceptualize the inception of Fort Ancient villages.     

包买主制与近代乡村手工业的发展

包买主制在中国近代乡村手工业、尤其是若干手工业经济区中广泛存在。乡村手工业者丧失了先前的经营独立性,他们或直接、或间接,自觉与不自觉地在资本、原料、原料供应与产品销售等多方面陷于对包买主的依附之中。包买主也呈现出多种存在形态,如商人型包买主、商人兼工场主型包买主、工场主型包买主等。包买主制适应了包买主和依附经营者双方的经济状况,它对市场反映的灵敏度、对产品规格和质量的标准化要求等方面,是业主制下自主经营的家庭手工业无法比拟的,从而为近代乡村手工业经济区的兴起和发展创造了条件。     

Continuity Amidst Change: Village Organization and Fishing Subsistence at the Dionisio Point Locality in Coastal Southern British Columbia

Shifts over time in faunal representation in Northwest Coast archaeological sites have been viewed as reflecting changes in economic organization and social complexity. We use fish faunal data from the Parry Lagoon Midden (site DgRv-006) in the Salish Sea region of coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada, to evaluate the relationship between change in subsistence strategies and community organization. We describe and compare fish assemblages recovered from a shell midden generated by habitation at two sequentially occupied village sites. The lower midden layers include faunal remains derived from the Marpole Period plankhouse village occupation at site DgRv-003 (1500 to 1300 cal BP), while the upper layers were generated during the occupation of a Late Period plankhouse within site DgRv-006 (1000 to 600 cal BP). We compare the two faunal records to ascertain if subsistence re-organization accompanied the social change associated with abandonment and later re-establishment of a village in the Dionisio Point Locality. Results indicate continuity of a diverse fishing economy for the two occupations, and therefore across the Marpole to Late Period transition. This study adds to the recent trend in Northwest Coast archaeology to reconsider the long-standing view that social and subsistence change necessarily occurred in tandem.     

Failaka Island in the Late Islamic Period. Investigations at the fishing village of Kharaib al-Dasht

The aim of the paper is to present the architectural remains and spatial organisation of the site of Kharaib al-Dasht, a Late Islamic fishing village dating from the late seventeenth to the nineteenth century. In the course of six seasons of excavation, which started in 2013, there was uncovered a part of this extensive site, revealing remnants of a fish processing area, residential architecture and a mosque. The findings from Kharaib al-Dasht serve here as a starting point for a discussion on the character of settlement activity on Failaka in the Late Islamic period, which was a time of dynamic change in the political and economic landscape of the region as evidenced by the available written sources.     

乡村社区旅游空间不正义及其“住改商”制度症结——波兰尼嵌入性视角下的西江苗寨实证研究

中国乡村旅游已成为乡村社区脱贫致富和空间不正义的一把双刃剑,而后者尚未引起学界和政界的足够重视。文章基于波兰尼嵌入性理论,分析揭示了乡村社区旅游“住改商”制度的脱嵌路径及其空间不正义的作用机理,并通过现场观察、访谈、问卷调查等定性定量方法,对西江苗寨进行了实证研究。结果表明：现代旅游经济的脱嵌是乡村社区旅游空间不正义的直接原因,而乡村旅游“住改商”制度的脱嵌则是其制度根源;波兰尼嵌入/脱嵌的经济及其制度区分,对于我国现阶段乡村旅游兼具农耕经济的嵌入与旅游经济及其制度的脱嵌矛盾面向极具解释力;对乡村社区旅游“住改商”制度实施反“脱嵌”制度安排,是破解乡村社区旅游空间不正义的有力举措。