中国史前玉文化板块论

中国史前玉器有着长达6000余年的历史,遍布东、北、西、南各地,组成相对独立发展的群体及其玉文化区域。其历经玉兵器、玉美器、玉神器以及早期“王室玉”等若干阶段的演进和积淀,为华夏文明的创造奠基了第一块坚实的基石。本文采纳地质学上的“板块”一词以概括说明史前玉文化的宏观性质及其微观特点,史前玉文化板块分为东夷玉文化板块、淮夷玉文化板块、古越玉文化板块等三大玉板块以及海岱玉文化东夷亚板块、陶寺玉文化华夏亚板块、石峁玉文化鬼国亚板块、齐家玉文化氐羌亚板块和石家河玉文化荆蛮亚板块等五个文化亚板块。它们按自身规律运动又互为碰撞、渗透、并存以至融合,终于走向其归宿,熔铸为统一的中华玉文化。     

Religiosity or racism? The bases of opposition to religious accommodation in Quebec

Though Canada is internationally lauded for the success of its multiculturalism policies, debates about immigrant integration have arisen in recent years. These debates have turned on the extent to which religion should be accommodated in the public sphere. They have also been disproportionately concentrated in the French‐speaking province of Quebec. This paper asks whether this disproportionality is due to the Quebec population being particularly unfavourable to religious accommodation and, if so, whether this disfavour is grounded in racial antipathy toward newcomers or in the province's unique religious history. The findings show that while opposition to religious accommodation is higher in Quebec, and higher among francophones, it is rooted more in the low level of religiosity of the francophone population than in racial animus. These results emphasise the importance of correctly conceptualising distinctions between ethnocentric and culturally based sources of group conflict in multicultural settings such as Canada.     

Liberal intolerance in European education debates

The reaction against non‐western immigrants and especially Muslims has been analysed both in terms of an exclusionary civic nationalism and in terms of an assertive liberalism. Similar to exclusionary civic nationalism, assertive liberalism purports to defend liberal democratic principles and society against illiberal principles and forces predominantly represented by Muslims. This article argues that nationalism and liberalism are analytically distinguishable but difficult to disentangle empirically. It contends that a more detailed analysis of assertive liberalism can be obtained by subdividing it into four categories of liberal intolerance and demonstrates this by analysing six national debates on the accommodation of cultural and religious diversity in education. The analysis indicates that the nature of liberal intolerance understood as the combination of the four categories of liberal intolerance varies with the state tradition regarding religious neutrality of public institutions and the type of welfare state, but also that many liberal arguments for and against accommodation repeat themselves across national contexts.     

上海市共享住宿时空格局及影响因素识别

本文以Airbnb共享住宿为研究对象,通过GIS空间分析工具对上海市2010-2019年期间共享住宿空间演变与形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：①上海市共享住宿经历了自发萌芽-快速增长-稳步发展三个主要阶段;②上海市共享住宿正相关性逐年增强,空间聚集态势明显,局部格局整体呈现中心高、外围低的分布特征,研究期内逐渐由西北-东南向东北-西南方向扩散;③道路密度、经济水平、房源供给、服务群体与空间集聚对上海市共享住宿分布格局具有显著影响,并通过制约机制、供需机制、触发机制影响共享住宿选址布局,经过个体与时间积累效应,最终形成上海市共享住宿空间动态演化特征。     

Soil mark studies near Winchester,Hampshire

The fate of artifacts incorporated into the ploughsoil as a result of plough damage is considered in terms of two soil mark sites near Winchester, Hampshire. Ploughsoil and subsoil analyses indicate that dispersal of soil material, as a result of ploughing, is limited at the present time and under mould board ploughing techniques. The origin of soil marks underlain only by bedrock is also considered and evidence indicates that such soil marks may appear as groundsurface expressions of ditches which have been removed by plough damage where dispersal of ploughsoil is minimal. Such soil marks may be only short lived if plough depth continues to increase.     

New towns — the Indian experience

Recent government policy has enacted significant changes in the approach to training both north and south of the Border. In April 1991 the establishment of Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise, along with a network of Local Enterprise Companies, marked a shift in the direction to employer‐led and locally delivered training programmes. The importance of tourism to Scotland has attracted government attention and, in anticipation of the new training network, a Tourism Training Initiative has been set up to expand the take‐up of training opportunities. This area‐based approach is welcomed but it is argued that tourist businesses, especially the small accommodation sector, have particular characteristics that have made the uptake of training traditionally a low priority. The absence of consideration of these characteristics in the design of the new employment strategies is argued to be a significant weakness.     

大型展会终端客户住宿产品购买模式研究——以广交会为例

广交会是定期举办的大型商务活动,对举办城市住宿业具有深远的且持续的影响。其终端客户(参展商和采购商)的住宿产品购买模式有别于观光游客和普通商务游客,该领域的研究尚不多见。研究发现:(1)广交会的终端客户住宿产品购买模式主要是自主购买模式、中介机构导向的集体购买模式和客户公司买单模式。其中,参展商的主要模式是通过交易团进行集体采购,而采购商的主要模式是采用自主购买;客户公司买单是采购商特有的"购买"模式。(2)中介机构参与是终端客户集体购买模式的显著特点,中介机构与终端客户形成了一个购买中心,终端客户在这个中心中担任着使用者、影响者和决策者的角色,而中介机构的主要职责是代表购买中心实施集体采购;且参展商与采购商的集团购买模式还存在显著差异。     

Living in a ‘free jail’: Asylum seekers' and local residents' experiences of discomfort with asylum seeker accommodation

This paper shows how asylum seeker accommodation produces a politics of discomfort among both asylum seekers as well as local residents. The paper compares two collective asylum centres located in the city of Augsburg, Germany, one of which is a nationally renowned refugee integration project, the ‘Grandhotel Cosmopolis’, the other, a state-run asylum centre. Data was obtained through participant observation and semi-structured interviews between September 2016 and November 2017. Drawing on carceral geographies, the paper identifies three mechanisms through which the material and institutional standards of asylum accommodation generate discomfort among and between asylum seekers and local residents, which are self-mortification, depersonalization and role-breakdown. Through the sharing of rooms and facilities, asylum accommodation contributes to asylum seekers' self-mortification, referring to changes in the conceptions and beliefs of oneself. The comparison of the two cases highlights how large asylum centres depersonalize asylum seekers by creating images of a homogenized ‘mass’ and contribute to role-breakdown, meaning a reduction of individuals' identities performed with regard to work, home or family life. National discourses of asylum seekers as dangerous merged with the space of asylum accommodation, thereby preventing social interaction ‘as neighbours’ between asylum seekers and local residents. Overall, the paper exposes how a politics of discomfort utilizes affect as a governmental device, thereby turning asylum accommodation into a carceral space by creating social distance and ‘moral closure’.     

Simulating global patterns of Pleistocene hominin morphology

The first ever simulations of global patterns of early Homo morphology are presented here. These simulations are a good match to the known patterns in the fossil record. An enhanced version of the Stepping Out model is presented which simulated global patterns of hominin morphology including genetic drift and the homogenising effects of inter-group exchange. Stepping Out is then used to examine the importance of environmental factors on hominin morphology. The most significant feature of the simulations is an emergent division between the African and Asian populations. The effect of biogeographical factors on this division and other patterning is considered. Throughout, modelling results are interpreted in the context of fossil and archaeological records in order to enhance our understanding of population histories of hominin groups.