国外旅游目的地研究综述 --基于Tourism Management近10年文章

为了对国外旅游目的地研究的成果和最新动态有一个清晰的了解,笔者检索了Tourism Management(《旅游管理》)近10年来的相关文献(不包括会议记录和书评)共32篇,对不同年份发表的论文数量及作者的国别作了统计,并分析了这些文献研究的主要内容,包括旅游目的地的概念、旅游目的地形象、旅游目的地的管理与发展、旅游目的地与居民的关系及旅游者与旅游目的地的关系等,最后展望旅游目的地研究的趋势。     

试述制约旅游业有效竞争的因素与对策

本文对目前市场中存在制约旅游企业有效竞争的因素进行分析,并提出相应对策.     

利用X-CT和数字图像相关法对遗址反复干湿导致的劣化机制进行基础研究

此研究是以石材和土壤所构成的考古遗址为主要研究对象。在确定石材和土壤的渗透性下,通过数字体积相关法(DVC)和数字图像相关法(DIC)对干湿劣化的环境条件进行定量的评估,并提出控制这种劣化发生的环境调整方法。 为了收集基本数据,通过DIC及X射线成像技术分析从湿润到干燥的过程中丰浦硅砂的位移量实验,并在实验中,使用DIC计算样品在收缩应力下的变形分布。此外,本次实验以铁粉作为示踪剂添加至样品中,并以铁粉作为参考点计算丰浦硅砂特定范围的移动量,借此评估铁粉作为示踪剂的适用性及精确性。结果表明,通过拍摄干燥前后样品的X射线图像,并用DIC进行分析可以计算出干燥前后的变形分布。在样品中添加示踪剂也被发现有助于分析样品局部区域的移动方向及移动量。因此通过此基本数据的检验,相信将来通过X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)及数字体积相关法(DVC)的应用,可以用来阐明反复干湿风化的劣化机制。     

旅游生态管理容量初探

随着旅游业规模的不断扩大,其对旅游目的地生态环境的不利影响引起了越来越多的关注,从而使旅游生态环境容量研究显得格外重要和迫切,为此本文对旅游生态环境管理容量概念进行了扩展,提出可操作性较强的具有全新内涵的生态管理容量概念,在此基础上讨论了生态管理容量的特点、研究内容、影响因素,并对生态管理容量的计算方法进行了探索性思考。     

基于科学发展观的旅游业危机管理责任与机制

主动承担危机管理责任是旅游业落实科学发展观的具体体现和必须做出的选择。应该通过外部强制力量和内部企业文化的有效互动来构建旅游业危机管理机制。     

The Battle of the Camel: Revolution,transition and tourism in Cairo

This article asks how the 25 January 2011 revolution in Egypt led to the entrenchment of existing forms of privilege and marginality. To answer this question, critical scholars have taken for granted the revolution's linear temporality and focused largely on institutional processes at the state level following the fall of President Hosni Mubarak. In contrast, I provide an original take on this question through extensive ethnographic engagement, focusing on moments of rupture and urban spaces of contestation at the time of the revolution and beyond. More specifically, I trace the significance of an understudied moment during the revolution: the ‘Battle of the Camel’, when horse/camel drivers who sell rides to tourists at the Pyramids charged at protestors in Tahrir Square. An ethnography of this moment allows me to draw out the complex temporalities of the revolution by recognizing diverse moments of contestation by marginalized subjects at its different ‘stages’. This article traces how these alternative temporalities were driven but also obscured by longer-term patterns of tourism and urban development. It finds that relations of power and marginality were reproduced through tourism and elite Egyptian visions of temporality and authenticity in the key urban spaces relevant to this battle – the Pyramids of Giza and Tahrir Square. These sites were positioned as spaces of Egypt's ‘authentic’ past and future respectively, reinforcing a colonial and neoliberal narrative of development that made possible the protection of tourism and elite priorities and the remarginalization of ‘underdeveloped’ camel drivers and street vendors in these sites.     

Perceptions of tourism impacts and community resilience to natural disasters

Evidence since at least the 1990s suggests that global climate patterns have undergone dramatic changes, often resulting in weather-induced natural disasters that have caused widespread environmental damage. Such conditions raise serious threats to communities that are dependent on natural resources and ecosystem services for tourism development. Communities located in high-risk disaster regions face greater challenges in developing a tourism economy that is both resilient and sustainable. Residents in these communities live with a constant awareness of external threats and try to build a degree of resilience that includes traditional disaster prevention measures and a long history of post-disaster reconstruction. It is necessary to understanding the relationships between tourism and community resilience to address planning and development goals in an era of increasing climate uncertainty.

Three communities are examined that are regularly exposed to the threats of typhoons and flooding and are located within National Scenic Areas in Taiwan. In-depth interviews with community leaders and surveys of residents were undertaken. Residents with high potential to experience natural disasters generally have high degrees of awareness of various forms of tourism impacts. Their perceptions of tourism impacts are positively correlated with community resilience. The strongest relationships are between a perception of the positive economic impacts from tourism and the local capacity for undertaking adaptive responses; and between an awareness of the environmental impacts of tourism and the perceived fragility of their environment. Empowering community resilience usually requires long-term capacity building and is correlated with all three types of perceived tourism impacts. Deconstruction of the special experiences of disaster-prone tourism destinations provides a more nuanced insight into the relationships between community knowledge and awareness of resilience needs and the role and impacts of tourism. This, in turn, facilitates understanding of community tourism development in the face of contemporary changes in weather and climate.     

Key issues in the conceptualization of tourism destinations

The purpose of this paper is to review the evolution of how the term ‘destination’ has been used, critiqued, and analyzed. While the traditional view of a destination has largely focused geographical features and the systemic concept of tourism destinations has focused on the interaction between tourists, the staff in industries providing tourism services, and the local population, more recent conceptualizations of tourism destinations treat destinations as complex adaptive systems that adapt to ever-changing economic, political, and social trends. As well, recent work on integrative conceptual frameworks of tourism destinations highlights the importance of particular geographical elements in the emergence and development of destinations which affect the structure of the mode of production, the range of stakeholders involved in tourism activity, and the entire process of destinations evolution. Although the traditional – geographic concept of destination, from today's point of view, is one-sided and not comprehensive, geographical elements, however, are the nucleus from which a tourism destination occurs and develops. In this regard, it is indisputable that the geographical attributes of tourism destinations represent the key component of their resource base. This fact should be borne in mind in future conceptualizations of destinations.     

Publishing Archaeological Excavations at the Digital Turn

ABSTRACT

This paper engages with repeated calls within archaeology for a re-envisioning of the excavation report, contextualized by the transformation of scholarly communication taking place across the humanities and social sciences. This widespread transformation is rooted in a growing interest in showing data together with synthesis and argument, the importance afforded to public engagement, and the proliferation of digital platforms that enable creative presentations of scholarly work. In this context, we discuss our experience producing an excavation report that attempts to integrate several forms of scholarly and public-facing communication on a digital platform, and aims to engage audiences at multiple levels, while simultaneously facilitating data reuse and laying out the authors’ current interpretations. We consider the benefits and challenges of producing work in this way through the example of producing the Gabii Project’s first volume, A Mid-Republican House from Gabii, developed through a collaboration between the Gabii Project team and the University of Michigan Press. This experience is contextualized within the broader discourse surrounding changing expectations about open access, authorship and credit, and sustainability of digital scholarship in academic publishing.