Organisational Needs and Priorities of Heritage Areas in the USA

Academics and practitioners alike know relatively little about the core competencies that are transferable from one heritage-area initiative to another. Often those new to the field have had to look to consultants or peers for advice regarding the essential core competencies needed to make their emerging organisations a success.This research surveyed the executive directors of the known universe of 154 heritage areas in the USA for the purposes of identifying the essential core skills they feel are needed to create and sustain a multi-jurisdictional heritage-tourism initiative. In addition, the importance-performance methodology employed in the survey instrument made it possible to assess their critical needs and priorities for training. Results of this study contributed to the design of the Heritage Development Institute, recently created to serve the executive staff of the nation's heritage areas at the College of Charleston on behalf of the Alliance of National Heritage Areas (www.cofc.edu/~heritage).     

Out of this World: Issues of Managing Tourism and Humanity’s Heritage on the Moon

Space tourism has become a reality and is bound to become ever more affordable. It is now time to spend serious thought on how humanity is going to manage the human material culture and heritage sites on the surface of the Moon. After all, the Apollo XI mission is of global human significance inasmuch as it was the first time a human being set foot on another celestial body. Environmental conditions on the Moon are such that what is considered low‐impact visitation on Earth would have devastating consequences for the heritage on the lunar surface. This paper highlights a range of issues, not the least of these being management in an environment without territorial control, neither physically nor legally. The multinational management of Antarctica is proposed as a model for the lunar surface.     

Selling Conflict Heritage through Tourism in Peacetime Northern Ireland: Transforming Conflict or Exacerbating Difference?

The paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 and the ensuing peace negotiations brought to a close some three decades of ethno‐nationalist violence in Northern Ireland. The conflict, colloquially termed the Troubles, cost almost 3,700 lives, and bequeathed both a tangible and intangible heritage of division and hurt. This paper considers the commodification of physical conflict ‘heritage’ such as military installations, memorials and street murals through an examination of various tourism initiatives. Such initiatives have been employed by a number of agents ranging from local councils and tourist boards to small community groups and ex‐prisoner organisations. While ‘official’ agencies recognise the economic potential of this form of heritage, community‐based groups often view the sites and symbols of the conflict as vehicles through which to propagate political perspectives. Those sold by the latter, in particular, are often supported by government bodies that fund such forms of tourism under the auspices of ‘conflict transformation’, a strategy that is aimed at transforming the nature of the conflict through fostering self‐understanding within disputant communities. I participated in a number of these tours over the course of six months in 2005/2006.     

South American problems: A review

ABSTRACT

Tourism can be potentially disruptive for the recipient communities; particularly for residents who do not directly benefit from the spending of tourists. To this end in the 1970s George Doxey derived an ‘irridex’, and this is assessed in this paper in the Manx context. The Isle of man Tourist Trophy Motorcycle Races involve road closures and are potentially disruptive to the lives of many residents. Survey results show that Manx residents do not, however, find the races unacceptably disruptive or intrusive. As such, questions are raised on the nature of environmentally disruptive tourism.     

跨境旅游合作区：探索中的边境旅游发展新模式

跨境旅游合作区是2010年末出现的新概念,同时也是探索中的边境旅游发展新模式,它从跨境经济合作区衍生而来。本文从概念切入,对边境旅游和跨境旅游进行了区分,并对两个概念给予界定。在此基础上,对跨境旅游合作区的概念、特征、发展阶段、发展模式等问题进行阐述,并从经济学与国际贸易、国际关系与地缘政治、人类学和社会学等多重理论视角分析与解读。本文认为,跨境旅游合作区是国家安全利益和地方经济发展这组矛盾的统一体,它在边境旅游模式探索、促进沿边地区经济发展、助推或缓和国际关系等方面有一定的潜在价值。同时,中国与周边国家的跨境旅游合作区建设也存在着双边诉求的矛盾二重性和合作的脆弱性。     

Developing a documentation system for desert palaces in Jordan using 3D laser scanning and digital photogrammetry

Desert palaces in Jordan are unique pieces of art scattered in the desert as standing symbols of ancient civilizations. Due to their location, these palaces witness different environmental conditions which affect their status and sustainability. This raises the need to have a 3D documentation system reporting all spatial information for each palace, which can be used later for monitoring purposes. Digital photogrammetry is a generally accepted technique for the collection of 3D representations of the environment. For this reason, this image-based technique has been extensively used to produce high quality 3D models of heritage sites and historical buildings for documentation and presentation purposes. Additionally, terrestrial laser scanners are used, which directly measure 3D surface coordinates based on the run-time of reflected light pulses. These systems feature high data acquisition rates, good accuracy and high spatial data density. Despite the potential of each single approach, in our opinion, maximum benefit is to be expected by a combination of data from both digital cameras and terrestrial laser scanners. By these means the efficiency of data collection as well as the geometric accuracy and visual quality of the collected textured 3D models can be optimized. Within the paper, a 3D documentation system for Umayyad desert palaces in the Jordan desert will be presented using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning. The approach is demonstrated by generating high realistic 3D textured models for Amra and Kharanah palaces.     

Investigation of past archaeological landscapes using remote sensing and GIS: a multi-method case study from Mount Ida,Crete

Spatial analysis in geoarchaeological applications can be improved by implementing a wider set of geoecological parameters, in order to provide more precise results. The aim of the paper is to show how geoscientific ground-truth and techniques can be adopted for detailed archaeological studies using a comprehensive set of environmental variables that might have influenced ancient settlement patterns. The project focuses on spatial patterns of archaeological sites as well as Bronze Age communication paths in Central Crete by applying a multi-method approach (surveying, remote sensing, DEM analysis, least-cost analysis, candidate site detection, predictive modelling, etc.). In contrast to conventional archaeological GIS applications this enhanced strategy offers promising prospects regarding landscape and settlement modelling.     

旅游对传统地域文化景观影响的研究进展及展望

传统地域文化景观是传承地域文化的物质载体,是人类宝贵的文化遗产和景观财富。作为新兴的重要发展力量,旅游正在不可逆转地改变着传统地域文化景观的演变进程。本文从物质文化景观、非物质文化景观、文化景观地方意义等方面综述了旅游对传统地域文化景观影响的研究成果,对现有研究进行了述评。最后从亟须解决的关键科学问题、研究内容两个方面进行了未来研究展望。     

国外旅游目的地研究综述 --基于Tourism Management近10年文章

为了对国外旅游目的地研究的成果和最新动态有一个清晰的了解,笔者检索了Tourism Management(《旅游管理》)近10年来的相关文献(不包括会议记录和书评)共32篇,对不同年份发表的论文数量及作者的国别作了统计,并分析了这些文献研究的主要内容,包括旅游目的地的概念、旅游目的地形象、旅游目的地的管理与发展、旅游目的地与居民的关系及旅游者与旅游目的地的关系等,最后展望旅游目的地研究的趋势。     

论广州旅游形象建设

本文在分析广州市旅游业现实形象的基础上,结合国内外旅游业发展的趋势和广州建设国际化城市的需要,提出广州旅游的形象定位为岭南文化名城旅游形象、华南商贸旅游城市形象、岭南大都市生态旅游形象、花园式旅游城市形象和华南旅游中心枢纽城市形象。