山东章丘市小荆山后李文化环壕聚落勘探报告

小荆山遗址是山东后李文化时期重要的环壕聚落遗址。本文着重介绍了小荆山遗址环壕的形状与结构、环壕内地层堆积。通过分析发现 ,小荆山后李文化时期环壕的西半部利用了自然冲沟 ,东部为人工开挖而成。文章对环壕聚落内居址、墓葬的布局进行了探讨 ,进而认为 ,在山东地区 ,早在七八千年以前就存在着环壕聚落 ,其后的大汶口、龙山文化时代的一些遗址中也有环壕存在的迹象。小荆山后李文化的环壕是山东境内目前发现最早、结构最清楚的环壕 ,它的发现 ,将带动山东地区史前聚落形态及环壕聚落的研究。     

城市老字号的文化内涵与旅游开发

本文认为,作为城市文化遗产的"老字号"出现的文化空巢现象,问题主要在于两个方面:传统文化边缘化和企业文化贫困化.本文分析了城市老字号的文化内涵,主要有:店铺字号蕴含的企业价值观,企业故事讲述的身边历史,街谈巷议彰显的企业个性,店铺经营积淀的企业文化.本文最后对城市老字号文化遗产的保护与旅游开发提出构想,主要涉及:老字号文化内涵的发掘,老字号旅游功能的开发,老字号文化遗产的保护等.     

从玉器纹饰看良渚文化宗教信仰中的两类因素

良渚文化的玉器纹饰可分为两类因素和三个主题。两类因素,即以鸟纹为代表的自然崇拜因素和以神人兽面纹为代表的祖先崇拜因素,体现出两种主次不同的崇拜形式,在纹饰上它们表现为两种基本主题,同时它们又有机地结合在一起,形成一种更高层次的完整的崇拜主题形式。两类因素各自有着不同的源流。鸟祖崇拜在华东地区的新石器文化中具有悠久的传统,尤其在大汶口文化中得到充分发展,在良渚文化中仍有一定的表现。而以直系祖先崇拜为主要内涵的神权宗教,通过对氏族宗教的融合,在良渚文化中发展到极致,其以兽面纹为代表的宗教内涵和艺术传统对商周青铜文化有重大影响。     

社会转型是中国文化演进的社会基础

社会转型时期各种思想的激荡,各种经济利益的冲突,各种社会派别力量及阶级(层)的斗争,分别形成了中国文化不断演进的思想、经济及政治基础,它们共同构成中国文化不断演进的社会基础。     

论商周之际的乳钉夔纹盆形簋——关中地区先周时期铜器群探索之三

乳钉夔纹盆形簋主要出土于关中地区,是探索先周文化铜器群的重要研究对象。根据乳钉、夔纹特征及其组合关系可判断乳钉夔纹盆形簋的年代上限为殷墟文化第四期。根据纹饰特征可将关中地区商周之际的乳钉夔纹盆形簋分为三式,Ⅰ式的年代上限相当于殷墟文化第四期早段,Ⅱ式的年代跨先周晚期至西周初年,Ⅲ式的年代为西周早期。Ⅱ式簋主要出自关中地区商周之际的中小型墓葬,其背后反映的是关中地区在先周晚期的社会复杂化,中小贵族成为社会的中坚力量,为西土集团的崛起奠定了重要的礼制基础。乳钉夔纹圆鼎也是探索先周文化铜器群的重要对象,与乳钉夔纹盆形簋的关系密切,两者以一鼎一簋方式构成的随葬铜器组合有可能早至先周晚期。随着西土集团的东进灭商,乳钉夔纹盆形簋和乳钉夔纹圆鼎在东方地区的出现已晚至西周早期。     

Prehistoric wooden bows and arrows in the Turpan Basin,Northwest China: Wood selection and utilization in a mosaic landscape

In the present study, we analyzed seven wooden bows and 13 arrows excavated from the cemeteries of Subeixi Culture (13th century BCE–AD second century) in the Turpan Basin, northwest China. A total of six taxa, viz. Morus sp., Salix sp., Picea sp., Lonicera sp., Betula sp., and Tamarix sp. were identified. Some of these taxa have been generally accepted to be suitable for bow-and-arrow production. All these taxa were local in origin but distributed in different ecotonal zones, including oases, saline-alkali lands, and mountain areas. Previous archaeological studies have confirmed that the Subeixi populations lived an agro-pastoral life. By analyzing the possible provenance of these wood samples, it can be hypothesized that these ancient agro-pastoralists moved between the Turpan Basin and the Tianshan Mountains on a seasonal basis.     

Stirrings at the Periphery: History, Archaeology, and the Study of Dian

Early Chinese texts speak of the Han state conquering the kingdom of Dian in southwest China in 109 B.C. The limited historical record is complemented by archaeolgical discoveries pointing to the presence in Yunnan province of a complex Bronze Age society whose association with the historical Dian has been generally accepted. Historiographic and nonprocessual in nature, archaeology in Yunnan has yet to generate the data needed for a deeper understanding of Dian social structure and change. Whatever its shortcomings, however, Dian archaeology plays a consistent and important role within a system of thought which gives preeminence to the historical record.     

‘We'll have what they're having’, cultural identity through diet in the English Saxon Period

The roots of the English population lie in diverse cultural origins. Within the second half of the first millennium AD, there were two major migrations, firstly the Saxons in the immediate post-Roman period, and later following the ‘Viking’ incursions of the mid-9th century. This paper considers the visibility of these migrations in the animal economy. Zooarchaeological data from 141 Saxon sites within England were analysed for evidence of diet and animal husbandry. Results indicate that there were signatures specific to native British rural populations in the early Saxon phase, relying largely on a self-sufficient economy, consuming very few wild species or domestic birds. Saxon cultural differences were implied from a number of sites, dependant on the increased importance of cattle in the diet and as culturally symbolic animals signifying status and utilised for trade. There was also evidence for the earliest settlers to have used pigs as a ‘mobile larder’, to provide meat while they established herds and flocks of cattle and sheep. Regional differences were visible in the late Saxon phase, within Wessex and the Danelaw, related to agricultural changes in the midlands and central southern region, and cultural identity, particularly within the heartlands of the northern Danelaw, towards an increase in cattle production.     

明代贵州卫学与地域文化

尽管卫学的教化作用主要突出的表现于卫所,但由于卫所在贵州设置的重要性,卫学的发展实带动了贵州整个文化教育的发展。由于卫学及卫所的特点,使得明代贵州卫学占据教育优势,具有更强的稳定性与持续性,并担当了地方民风教化的职责,对于贵州的文化地理单元的形成有着深远的影响。