文献与田野三视阈:中古州县治城位置考证方法研究——以唐代昌州治所变迁及静南县治地考辨为例

本文以唐代昌州治所变迁及静南县治地考辨为个案,提出文献分析与田野中的记忆、形胜、文物三视阈相结合,考证研究中古时期州县治城位置的方法。考证指出,唐代静南县必定不在今大足区龙水镇,也不在今大足区三溪镇,应在今大足区西五十里之地,旧称静南坝,即今大足区高升镇太和坝张家坝。乾元元年(758年),昌州初治昌元县,在今荣昌区盘龙狮子坝狮子林会龙桥,历史上又称旧州坝。大历四年(769年)迁移昌元县治到“南凭赤水,北倚长岩”的赖婆村,即今荣昌区河包镇。昌州因大历六年(771年)战乱而废,大历十年(775年)重置,至元和年间,昌州治和昌元县治地记载已不清晰,但至迟到元和八年(813年),昌州治所已经从昌元县改治静南县。到唐末景福元年(892年),昌州治从静南县改为大足县。考证过程中发现,由于传世历史文献地理认知上存在里程计算感性、方位坐标僵化、方位指向模糊、简脱衍串明显的“四大不精”,所以,在考证古代州县治地位置时,为了保证研究的信度,须用田野考察获取的乡土历史记忆、实地山川形胜、周边文物支撑三视阈对历史文献记载进行校证。     

Palaeopathology of Iufaa and other persons found beside his shaft tomb at Abusir (Egypt)

Pathological changes of the lector priest Iufaa are compared with those revealed on the skeletons of his two relatives Imakhetkherresnet and Nekawer, and of an unrelated male Padihor. They were discovered in 2001 in the vicinity of Iufaa's monumental shaft tomb, dating from late 26th dynasty (before 525 BC). The complex was found unmolested by robbers. Congenital anomalies, osteoporosis, degenerative joint changes, post‐traumatic changes and maybe the first palaeopathological evidence of a rare benign neoplasm (neurilemmoma) were recorded. The findings add interesting new facts to the lives of these historical persons. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

协同学视角下的村域贫困风险耐受度诊断——以陕西省平利县为例

以陕西省平利县79个贫困村为研究对象，基于协同理论，建立贫困风险耐受度评价模型，利用主成分分析与地理加权回归方法，辨识平利县村域贫困风险因子，评测贫困村风险耐受度，并与贫困发生率进行对比验证。结果显示：自然本底、区位-生产资料、内外助力和生产生活保障等四个贫困风险因子作用方向有所差别；全县贫困风险耐受度处于中下水平；比对贫困风险耐受指数模型与贫困发生率现状，发现二者分布趋势相似性特征明显，未出现异常现象。后续应建立针对性的风险预测和防范机制，适量减少直接性福利供给，激发农户脱贫的内生动力，提升贫困户风险抵御力和恢复力，构建持续稳定的脱贫-振兴的扶贫新模式，持续监测县域贫困村贫困风险耐受度的时序变动特征。     

安徽淮北烈山窑遗址发掘简报

烈山窑址位于安徽省淮北市烈山区烈山镇烈山村,2018年开始发掘,面积700平方米,分为三个区域:Ⅰ区金元窑址区域、Ⅱ区唐代末期至北宋窑址区域、Ⅲ区汉代窑址区。清理各类遗迹70余处,包括6座窑炉、52个灰坑、1条道路、14条灰沟,以及大量遗物,其中以白瓷、青釉瓷、三彩器为主,产品主要包括碗、盘、盏、罐、素烧建筑构件、黄釉印花砖等。烈山窑址很可能就是文献中记载的宿州窑,其主要受定窑、磁州窑和巩县窑的技术影响,时代划分为东汉、唐代末期至元代晚期。     

非完整性墓葬异地搬迁保护规程化研究

价值高、完整度好的墓葬越来越多选择整体搬迁保护。但在考古工作中,有结构缺损的非完整性但价值较高的墓葬不在少数。西安出土一座关中地区少见的、形制完整的宋金时期砖雕墓,尽管其结构局部缺损但研究价值高,是研究该时期墓葬形制、丧葬风俗的重要补充。为完整保留墓葬形制,兼顾再研究与展示,欲进行搬迁保护。保护前通过建立物理力学模型模拟墓室质心的偏移校正,并分析计算搬迁过程中砖壁的倾覆风险,确定了采取保留外部土圹固型、内部加固支撑的整体吊装搬迁方案;再根据理论计算出留土高度、通过模拟实验改进彩绘层隔离保护工艺,成功实现该墓葬的整体搬迁保护。本工作在文物搬迁保护中引入理论模型对缺损结构的量化评估,探究搬迁保护规程化方法,可为同类非完整性但价值较高的墓葬搬迁保护提供方法借鉴。     

指纹元素分析对南宋郊坛官窑的起源研究

选取30个南宋官瓷样品、2个效坛官窑的原料、紫金土和4个现代仿官瓷样品进行中子活化分析（NAA）,测定每个样品中36种微量元素的含量。从这36种元素中挑选出9种指纹元素的含量进行散布分析。结果表明：南宋官窑的釉料和胎料产地明显不同;南宋官窑有着长期稳定的釉料和胎料产地;遗址缸内的原料（35#）、练泥池内的原料（36#）、紫金土（37#）既不同于古官瓷的釉料,也不同于胎料。练泥地内的原料（36#）比较接近于胎料。现代官瓷的釉料和胎料与古官瓷的明显不同,说明它们的产地不同。     

湖南何家皂北宋墓出土纺织品附着灰蓝色物质的科学分析

出土于湖南衡阳何家皂北宋墓的纺织品上观察发现有灰蓝色固体物质附着,为查明其性质,采用扫描电镜-能谱法、激光拉曼光谱法和X射线衍射法结合能量色散X射线荧光光谱法和光学形貌观察等手段进行科学分析。结果表明,该物质为磷酸亚铁矿物——蓝铁矿[Vivianite:Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)·8H_(2)O],其多形成于富铁、富磷、有机物含量较高且贫硫的缺氧还原沉积环境中,微生物活动亦对其生成有影响。该矿物的发现对墓葬环境特征与保存状态的研究有指示意义,在考古遗存中或可作为判断特殊埋藏条件的标志自生矿物之一。     

锦州为汉代徒河县再考

关于汉代辽西郡徒河县的地望，以往学或将其确定在营州东北，或定为邰集屯汉城址，或定在锦州西北，或定为锦州市。本作通过对大量献记载的考证，结合对锦州汉城遗迹、遗物的实地调查，对上述诸说进行了讨论，认为锦州市区新发现的汉代城址应为汉代辽西郡徒河县的旧址。     

值得重新体味的清民之际的"封建"观

清末民初,黄遵宪、梁启超、严复、章太炎、孙中山等先进中国人参考日译新名“封建”,初步形成兼容古义与西义的封建观,用以表述中国、日本、欧洲的相关历史时段,较成功地实现了古今“封建”义的承袭与转换、中西义的对接与涵化。由于尚未能做深入的学术论证,清民之际学人的封建观无力抵御后来兴起的强势的泛化封建观,退隐而去,但其包蕴的合理精义,值得我们重温。     

Anthropological analysis of the osteological material from an ancient tomb (Early Bronze Age) from the middle Euphrates valley,Terqa (Syria)

Terqa, situated on the right bank of the Middle Euphrates, is known to have been a site already in the third and second millennium BC. Excavations which take place in this region aim to provide answers for numerous significant issues connected with the origins of human civilisation. In 2008 season we found a tomb dated 2650–2450 BC, consisting of two chambers with stone domes. The smaller chamber contained many luxury grave goods. The other one was bigger and contained human skeletons. The first skeleton belonged to a man, 45/50 years old. It is extremely heavy and large. On the right humerus, near the proximal edge, we found two cuts. The healed edges of the wound suggest that the man from Terqa survived after the wound was inflicted. Many muscular attachments were clearly marked on the bones and bone robustness was far above the average, which may suggest that the skeleton belonged to a warrior. These observations correspond to the fact that the bronze part of a belt together with bronze weapon‐blades was found on the right side of the hip. The second skeleton, which belonged to a female who was about 40/44 years old, was found in an anatomical position. The chamber also contained an almost complete skeleton of a sheep. The morphology of the forearm of the female suggested strenuous activity. From this skeleton was successfully isolated HVR1 fragment. The main mutation indicated that the analysed mtDNA belonged to haplogroup K. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.