抗战时期安徽新县制改革研究

抗战初期,新桂系参考广西经验对安徽县政进行了初步改革。1940年起,新桂系安徽省府推行国民政府新县制,内容包括行政机构调整、民意机关创建、国民兵团编整、干训体系完善等诸多方面。改革所带来的基层政权人员与机构的正规化及对地方自治的有限试验,一定程度上推动了民国安徽政治现代化,并为安徽省府进行社会动员、坚持敌后持久抗战产生了积极影响。但由于各种不利因素制约,改革最终未能摆脱近代中国官治吞噬自治的政治窠臼。     

论徐天麟《两汉会要》的编纂特点

作为补撰前代会要的代表作,徐天麟《两汉会要》首开补撰前代会要的新途径,并通过设置总类,开创二级分类体系,丰富注释体例的形式与内容,以及采用多种史论形式相结合的方式,完善了自中唐以来所产生的会要体史籍的编撰体例,奠定了补撰前代会要史籍的史学地位。     

Geoinformation Modeling of Environments Favorable for Prehistoric Humans of the Altai Mountains

Geoinformation technologies are applied to an analysis of the living environments of Paleolithic people, using a territory along the route of a future gas pipeline planned for construction in the Altai Mountains as an example. GIS modeling of a paleoenvironment is based on the notion of a paleolandscape's geological and morphological framework. The SRTM digital model of terrain, and geological maps of scale 1: 200,000 were used. The main factors that control localization of sites have been selected: the presence of flat, even grounds suitable for settlement; proximity to sources of raw materials; good conditions for sun exposure; and water availability across the territory. Verification of known Paleolithic sites showed the adequacy of GIS-modeling and its suitability in the optimal search for new sites.     

城乡建设热中的地下文物保护对策

近年来,我国城乡建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,面貌为之一新。但在这个过程中,地下文物作为中华历史文化的物质载体的重要组成部分,遭遇了前所未有的严重破坏,造成了文物流失、文物遭毁等一系列严重后果。本文着眼干近年来城乡建设中地下文物屡遭破坏的现状,分析保护工作收效甚微的原因,说明加强和改进地下文物保护工作的重要性:并提出应以法律法规的建设完善和保护制度的健全为重点,从多方面制定应对措施,寻找当前形势下地下文物保护与城乡建设间的最佳平衡点。     

An overview of women's health in the U.S. since the mid-1960 s

Women's health became intertwined with the second wave of feminism in the 1960s. The process and history of the interactions among physicians, feminists, health care consumers, activists, and politicians have brought women's health into the foreground of health research and curricular agendas in several ways. It identified major gaps in research and practice and initiated a critique of the current health care system at all levels; it originated from, and remains connected with, the non-medical community; it is interdisciplinary and requires interdisciplinary teams for research and clinical practice, as well as collaboration with colleagues in non-medical academic fields; it developed new curriculum focused on women's health; it emphasizes race, class, sexual orientation, and other diversities among women. The continuing presence of activists and feminist scholars will insure that health and science include women's needs to provide better health for all.     

MODELLING OF STRUCTURAL ACCELERATIONS AND APPLICATION TO CONTROLLER DESIGN

In this paper a method for the identification of simplified linear models for building structures is applied to the case when acceleration, rather than displacement, is measured. A frame from benchmark structural controller studies is simulated, and from the input-output data of these simulations, simplified models for the acceleration response of the frame are obtained that have far fewer degrees of freedom. One of these simplified models is used to design a controller, which is tested using an evaluation model from the benchmark controller studies and found to be effective.     

雅尔塔体制的形成与苏联势力范围的确立

苏德战争之前 ,苏联通过与希特勒德国的合作与争夺 ,在其西北部扩张领土和建立势力范围的努力获得初步成功。第二次世界大战期间 ,苏联以战场上的胜利为基础 ,使盟国逐渐地同意了苏联关于领土和边界、安全保障和势力范围的大部分要求。最后 ,苏联和西方国家以妥协和谅解的方法确立了划分它们势力范围的雅尔塔体制     

试论城镇群体空间的组织调控

在工业化、后工业化的催动及交通、信息条件的支撑下,城镇群体化发展已经成为全球化的现象。文章介绍了西方国家城镇群体空间的典型调控模式,分析了市场力量与规划调节力量在其空间组织调控中的作用,并提出城镇群体空间的组织调控是一个准市场行为的观念,以期对中国的相应研究与实践提供一定的借鉴。     

Der quantitative Beitrag der nach 1933 emigrierten Naturwissenschaftler zur deutschsprachigen physikalischen Forschung

By scientiometrically analyzing the physics-literature produced between 1925 and 1933 it is shown that the purely quantitative contribution of physicists subsequently emigrating from Germany to the literature produced by the physics community in this country was much lower than hitherto estimated. The actual figure is not in the range of 30%, as is generally assumed, but much nearer to 11%. Control analysis of three leading German physics journals and of memberships in the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft confirms this result. Further investigation of university calendars shows that transferring these results to purely academic physics would amount to committing a “universalistic fallacy”. In academic physics emigré-physicists held a total of 15,5% of all teaching postitions. Differentiating the physics literature into various specialties allows further insights into the cognitive and social structure of the German physics community before 1933. Works of emigré-physicists are not randomly distributed over specialities; instead, the distribution reveals a nearly perfect correlation with what could be called “the specialty's paradigmatic age”. The spectrum begins with quantum theory, where future emigrants produced more than 25% of the literature, and fades away with acoustics, where their contribution amounts to less than 4%. The commonly accepted explanation of this phenomenon, which is based on the assumption that time of institutionalization of a specialty, “prestige” of that specialty, and entrance barriers for Jewish scientists are correlated, is falsified by two cases of non- or zero-correlation: by the very old specialties and by the technical disciplines. A new explanans is proposed which is based on the hypothesis of cognitive and social marginality being correlated and on a certain amount of cognitive marginality enhancing the disposition to innovative behavior and creativity.     

Die Komplementarität von interner und externer Wissenschaftsgeschichte

In studies of the history of science two apparently diverging ‘ideal types’ can be distinguished. The internal analysis relies on methodology and on the philosophy of science and concentrates on the cognitive system and on the sequence of theories. The external analysis relies on sociology, the history of institutions, biographies, etc. and concentrates on the social system and on the interrelationship between science and society. Neither of the two approaches can claim to cover the whole truth and to give the only possible (causal) explanation, The cognitive content of scientific theories and the social process of bringing about and using them are by their very nature complementary.