'Globalizing' regional development: a global production networks perspective

Recent literature concerning regional development has placed significant emphasis on local institutional structures and their capacity to 'hold down' the global. Conversely, work on inter-firm networks – such as the global commodity chain approach – has highlighted the significance of the organizational structures of global firms' production systems and their relation to industrial upgrading. In this paper, drawing upon a global production networks perspective, we conceptualize the connections between 'globalizing' processes, as embodied in the production networks of transnational corporations, and regional development in specific territorial formations. We delimit the 'strategic coupling' of the global production networks of firms and regional economies which ultimately drives regional development through the processes of value creation, enhancement and capture. In doing so, we stress the multi-scalarity of the forces and processes underlying regional development, and thus do not privilege one particular geographical scale. By way of illustration, we introduce an example drawn from recent research into global production networks in East Asia and Europe. The example profiles the investments of car manufacturer BMW in Eastern Bavaria, Germany and Rayong, Thailand, and considers their implications for regional development.     

Modeling the Roles of Craft Production in Ancient Political Economies

Ongoing debates over the significance of specialized production in ancient political economies frequently hinge on questions of whether elites or commoners controlled craft manufactures and whether the material or ideological import of these production processes was more significant in deciding power contests. Though long recognized, such queries were traditionally answered in relatively straightforward economic terms. Recently, these time-honored approaches have been questioned. An ever increasing number of authors are promoting varied takes on the causal linkages between political forms and processes, on the one hand, and patterns of production, distribution, and use of craft goods, on the other. The literature generated by these discussions is extensive, vibrant, and often confusing. Rather than trying to synthesize all reports and essays dealing with specialized manufacture, this paper highlights general interpretive trends that underlie and structure current debates. The concluding section offers suggestions for how studies of relations among crafts, power, and social heterogeneity might be pursued profitably in the future.     

Differentiation of ceramic chemical element composition and vessel morphology at a pottery production center in Roman Galilee

Cooking pots and bowls from two production locations ca. 200 m from each other at the rural settlement of Kefar Hananya in Roman Galilee were compared employing chemical element composition and vessel-shape analyses. Splits of each pulverized sample, all of which were taken from ceramic wasters, were analyzed by both instrumental neutron activation and high-precision X-ray fluorescence analyses, and computerized vessel-shape analysis was employed for morphological analysis of the same vessel forms from each location. Several statistical techniques (bivariate plots, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis) were used for analyzing the resultant data. It was found that both the cooking pots and bowls made at each location could be distinguished by employing either chemical composition or morphological analysis. The implications of this work, with regard to investigating both production and consumption sites, and for pottery provenance studies, are discussed. The findings suggest that these analytical techniques can be useful as an aid for chronological differentiations of archaeological pottery.     

What Is a Hunter-Gatherer? Variation in the Archaeological Record of Eastern and Southern Africa

This article reviews the recent history of the archaeology of African hunter-gatherers, focusing on debates around the origins of modern humans and the destiny of hunter-gatherers with the advent of food production. African archaeologists are developing an increasing appreciation for the diversity of African hunter-gatherer societies. Understandings of hunter-gatherers based primarily on ethnography are being successfully challenged and extended.     

异端空间的生产——福柯对中国政治地理学研究的启示

福柯研究对西方地理学具有很大的影响,但是国内地理学界对福柯的引进和讨论不多。本文基于福柯对权力关系和不正常的人的研究,以异端空间的生产为切入点,归纳了异端空间与权力交互作用的理论框架。其中,权力主要通过特殊化、风险化和知识化取得干预的合法性,而又通过监视、照料或隔离等手段确保对异端的治理。应用谱系学方法,本文总结了四个异端空间生产的原型,并通过将这四个原型应用于一系列中国日常政治地理现象的解释,展示了异端空间生产对理解权力关系的重要意义,揭示了知识-权力与空间生产过程的相辅相成。最后,讨论了异端空间生产的分析对于扩展中国政治地理学理论视角和研究话题的重要性。     

城市空间重构进程中的土地利用冲突研究——以广州市为例

目前,城市空间重构所孳生的土地利用冲突现象已成为当前我国快速城市化进程中迫切需要解决的重要问题之一,获得了学术界、地方政府和社会大众的高度重视,而对土地利用冲突的类型和影响因素的探讨构成了后续治理途径研究的根本前提。本文基于城市政治经济学理论中社会空间辩证统一的视角,以广州市为例,选取了我国快速城市化进程中广泛存在的旧城更新、工业用地置换和城中村改造等城市空间重构的重点领域为研究对象,总结了土地利用冲突的类型及其影响因素,证实了空间调整与社会变迁之间的辩证统一关系。     

空间的生产研究综述与展望

伴随人文地理学空间概念的"社会转向"和社会学中的"空间转向",社会空间问题成为当今学术研究的一个新的热点,"空间的生产"理论则作为一种新的理论视角,日益被越来越多的中国学者所认同和运用。然而,总体来看,目前国内对空间的生产的研究还有待完善,尤其缺乏一个整体的、能够跨越学科界限的理论框架。本文在梳理现有国内外有关空间的生产的研究的基础上,根据研究对象将现有理论归纳为三大方向(宏观、微观和一般研究),然后,重点从宏观和微观角度对现有研究进行了归纳;借鉴卡斯特尔斯等人的分析框架,构建了包含在地化和去地化两大核心过程的空间的生产理论分析框架,并基于此框架指出,资本的循环过程、转型期的社会运动、政府的企业化和土地利用政策、规划和空间正义是顺应中国实际需求的、未来有待进一步深化的研究话题。最后,作者也指出了空间生产研究方法上需要注意的集中倾向。     

基于产业群视角的河南省产业配套能力分析

产业配套能力是企业在选择投资区域时最关注的外部条件。吸引投资是促进河南省经济发展的重要途径,利用产业配套能力来评估投资环境显得尤为重要。本文利用《2007年河南省投入产出表》,采用主成分分析法,识别出河南省目前存在18个具有内在经济联系的产业群。通过对各产业群的经济关联和空间分布的分析,发现林木产业群、耐火材料产业群是河南省配套能力最完善的产业群类型,煤电产业群和烟酒制品产业群的配套能力也相对完善,其余各产业群由于存在较低的产业关联度或空间分布过于分散,导致配套水平偏低。     

Imperial Intersections: Archaeologists, War and Violence—Comments

This is a commentary on a series of papers presented in the Imperial Intersections: archaeologists, war and violence session at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The session addressed issues surrounding archaeology, war and violence and the ethical responsibilities of archaeological practitioners. The papers in this volume have created more questions than answers, but as with all ethical scenarios, I was inspired to think and to examine critically aspects of archaeology that may have eluded past contemplation. In attempting to find commonalities and themes in the submissions I realized that almost every paper is concerned with the production of knowledge—how much access should there be; who should have access to knowledge; how should knowledge be disseminated; and when and if the knowledge should be reproduced. The central debate of “in whose best interest is this knowledge produced” is also explored in this review?     

1954年湖北水灾与救济

1954年长江中下游发生特大水灾,其中湖北省遭受的损失尤为严重。面对肆虐的洪水,湖北省党政军民在中共中央和中央人民政府以及全国人民的支援下,采取了一系列措施积极救灾。在水灾救济中表现出明显的特点:政府(包括中央政府和地方政府)承担起组织救灾的任务,成为救灾的组织者和指挥者;积极组织灾民生产自救,促使社会功能尽快恢复正常;努力帮助灾民克服灾民意识,在物质救灾的同时加强精神救灾。