How reliable are our published archaeometric analyses? Effects of analytical techniques through time on the elemental analysis of obsidians

To assess the analytical accuracies and precisions of archaeometric elemental analyses by different techniques, a relatively homogeneous material such as obsidian must be studied. An assessment of published elemental concentration data from two Anatolian obsidian sources shows that while in most cases analytical accuracy is as high as is commonly expected, in some cases it is not. It also shows that the dispersions of elemental concentration data (indicators of analytical precisions) coming from modern analytical procedures are akin to the estimated homogeneity of the obsidian. Based on this latter observation, if one has element dispersion data from a single analytical technique, with a single source of obsidian as a control, data sets that contain multiple, but similar sources of obsidian may be differentiated.     

试析上博简《孔子诗论》中的“蝇”字

本对上海博物馆所藏战国楚简《孔子诗论》篇中“蝇”字的字形进行了分析,认为这种特殊的写法是由于字形讹变造成的。     

《中国古籍善本书目》收录河南省图书馆藏部分书目正补

河南省图书馆曾经参与了《中国古籍善本书目》的编纂,其馆藏古籍善本有相当一部分被收入了《中国古籍善本书目》。笔者在将《中国古籍善本书目》收录的河南省馆藏书的部分书目与书籍进行核对时,发现了《中国古籍善本书目》在著录和标示上存在着一定的失误并进行了正补。     

The greatest deception: fiction,falsity and manifestation in Spinoza’s Metaphysical Thoughts

ABSTRACT

“The first meaning of true and false”, writes Spinoza in a neglected passage of the Metaphysical Thoughts, “seems to have had its origin in stories”. Ideas are true when they “show” us things as they are; they are false when they do not, when they are fictional. In this essay, I argue that what appears at first sight to be a simple assertion of a correspondence theory of truth in fact opens onto broad historical transformations in the nature of meaning that reshaped the very atmosphere of truth: the emergence of a new kind of fictionality, transformations in the sense of logical interpretation, and ultimately transformations in the structures and sources of the natural light, that “clarity” which constitutes for Spinoza, as for Descartes, an indispensable criterion for certainty.