另类社会空间:中国边疆移民社会主要特殊性透视(1644-1949)

边疆社会存在许多内地社会所不曾具有并且往往为学术界所忽视的文化现象。本文所使用的“边疆社会”的术语并不是简单地以地理范围为依据,而更主要的是企图从文化人类学角度揭示拉铁摩尔所谓的“边疆风格”(the frontier style)现象,与通常所谓的“边疆地区的社会”这一术语在内涵上大相径庭,可以作为透视边疆移民社会中“边疆化”诸多现象的概念工具。     

积累·自觉·创新--读张晋藩先生的《中国近代社会与法制文明》

新近出版的张晋藩先生的《中国近代社会与法制文明》一书对中国近代法律的演变、移植、改革、转型和中华法系、中华法制文明的更新与再造等问题,从实证研究和理论分析的层面进行了全面、系统和深入的探讨。限于篇幅,形成本文的仅是笔者最主要的感受,即该书所体现的充分的学术积累、深刻的学术自觉和可贵的学术创新风格。     

辛亥革命中海外华侨民族国家认同的困境——以冯乃超为例的研究

论文通过对冯乃超个人、家族经历及其民族国家意识形成的分析,揭示了辛亥革命与华侨关系研究中为人所忽略的一面：辛亥革命并非对所有华侨而言都是一次为他们带来新的民族国家归属的革命,冯乃超的遭遇映射出清末民初政局中个体与国家间的纠葛,其中既有寻求民族国家认同的渴望,也有因不被祖国接受而自放异乡的无奈,实非理所当然的归属关系可以概括。冯乃超被异邦和故国同时放逐的记忆,演变为民族国家的身份认同困境,是促使他转向马克思主义,投身以超越民族国家界限为号召的无产阶级革命的重要心理动因。     

论民间组织对政府职能转变的影响

本文针对民间组织对政府职能转变的影响问题,从三个层次进行了分析和阐述：一是阐释了政府职能转变的内涵和模式,认为转变政府职能的根本就是把部分政府职能回归于社会;二是分析了民间组织产生的理论基础和现实基础,认为民间组织是承接政府职能转变的重要载体;三是对民间组织从多个方面推动政府职能转变和行政管理体制改革进行了分析和论述。     

中国农村经济研究会述论

中国农村经济研究会是大革命失败以后中国思想界矛盾斗争的产物,是在陈翰笙领导的农村调查的基础上产生的,还与陈在中央研究院的工作受阻有关。它从1933年成立到1951年解散,工作重心和会址数度变迁,在各地均开展了卓有成效的活动。该会具有鲜明的学术特色;保持"合法性"是其在国统区生存的基本策略;中共对该会的政治指导是通过在其中工作的中共党员的自觉行动实现的。中国农村经济研究会是左翼文化运动的重要组成部分。     

The Myth of “Broken Britain”: Welfare Reform and the Production of Ignorance

Abstract: This article takes on the challenge of what Robert Proctor calls “agnotology” (the study of ignorance) to analyse the current assault on the British welfare state by think tanks, policy elites and conservative politicians. The assault is traced back to the emergence of the Centre for Social Justice think tank, founded in 2004 by the current Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan‐Smith. I argue that a familiar litany of social pathologies (family breakdown, worklessness, antisocial behaviour, personal responsibility, out‐of‐wedlock childbirth, dependency) is repeatedly invoked by the architects of welfare reform to manufacture ignorance of alternative ways of addressing poverty and social injustice. Structural causes of poverty have been strategically ignored in favour of a single behavioural explanation—“Broken Britain”—where “family breakdown” has become the central problem to be tackled by the philanthropic fantasy of a “Big Society”. My agnotological approach critically explores the troubling relationship between (mis)information and state power.     

Technological art and Studio International’s eclectic vanguardism

ABSTRACT

This article takes the editorship by Peter Townsend of Studio International, to which the author contributed regularly between 1969 and 1972, as a starting-point to recall decisive personal encounters with Roy Lichtenstein’s paintings, Wen-Ying Tsai’s sculptures, Jasia Reichardt’s exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity and the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science. It goes on to re-endorse the earlier argument that a long historical time-scale was required for the aesthetic implications of photography to become clear, and that, like photography, the computer and holography are technological media whose immediate interactions with aesthetics and the culture at large will take many decades to pan out. Earlier claims about the relationship between art and ecology are then reviewed. Finally the article suggests that though world politics have changed considerably since the 1960s and 1970s, artists have undiminished opportunities to grapple with the challenges of new technologies directly, rather than retreating into a closed system.     

The contemporary in post-medieval archaeology

SUMMARY: Contemporary archaeology is an emerging field of enquiry within the wider discipline associated with the questioning of temporal boundaries in what we study and why we engage with material remains of the recent past more generally. This article argues that contemporary archaeology should be broadly defined at this stage in its development and therefore can be located in Post-Medieval Archaeology through research that explicitly engages with what it is to conduct contemporary archaeology, but also through those implicitly considering how the past intrudes into the present. We believe that Post-Medieval Archaeology will continue to highlight archaeological studies of the contemporary into the future.     

A Clan‐Based Society of South Greece and its Militarization After the Second World War: Some Characteristics of Violence and the Construction of Habitus in the South Peloponnese

This paper presents some basic characteristics of the subculture of local society in the southern Peloponnese in Greece during the twentieth century. In particular, it examines the basic anthropological and social elements that formed the character of the members of the local society in Mani during the early part of the century, by emphasizing (i) the clan structure of the particular society, and (ii) the militarization of Mani as a strategy for mediation in local social relations.

The paper then analyses the way in which these basic social characteristics were interwoven with the dynamics of the political situation during the twentieth century (the Second World War, the occupation of Greece by Italian and German forces, and the Greek Civil War) by exploring the cultural habitus of the left‐wing and the right‐wing political networks in the region. Finally, it refers to the dialectics of the dynamic relationship between a clan‐based local society and the political events of the late 1940s, by means of some observations on the local social institution of the vendetta.     

‘Imago Mundi’ bibliography (of literature mainly published in 1985–87)

The History of Cartography, Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Pp. xxii + 599, 40 colour plates. US$100.00

Kartographische Quellen Welt‐, See‐ und Regionalkarten by Anna‐Dorothee von den Brincken. Typologie des Sources du Moyen Âge Occidental, fasc. 51. Turn‐hout: Brepols (for Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut d'Études Médiévales), 1988. Pp. 117, plates.

Chizu no Shiwa: Creases of Map or Essays on the History of Cartography by Kazutaka Unno. Tokyo: Yūshōdō Press, 1985. 4 8419 0009 8. Pp. xii+338, illustrations. Yen 3500.

Maps and Plans for the Local Historian and Collector by David Smith. London: Batsford, 1988. 0 7134 5191 2. Pp. 240, illustrations. £19.95.

Maps for Local History by Paul Hindle. London: Batsford, 1988. Batsford Local History Series. 0 7134 5583 7. Pp. 160, illustrations. £14.95.

American Maps and Mapmakers: Commercial Cartography in the Nineteenth Century by Walter W. Ristow. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1985.08143 17685. Pp. 488, illustrations. $60.00.

Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History edited by Helen Hornbeck Tanner. The Civilisation of the American Indian Series 174. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press (for The Newberry Library), 1987. 0 8061 1515 7 (cloth)/0 8061 2056 8 (paper). Pp. xv+224, illustrations, maps. $29.95.

Cartographic Innovations: An international handbook of mapping terms to 1900 edited by Helen M. Wallis and Arthur H. Robinson. Tring: Map Collector Publications, 1987. Pp. xx + 353, illustrations. £47.