水泥历史建筑的加固材料研究初探

我国现存大量的以水泥为基本材料的近现代历史建筑,很多建筑既具有西方建筑美学特征,又融合了中国传统建筑的艺术形态,具有不可替代的历史意义和艺术价值。在长时间的自然和人为因素的影响下,这些建筑都普遍存在内部结构疏松、强度低的状况,保护这些水泥历史建筑已经成为文物保护工作者一项非常迫切的任务。在水分的长期作用下,水泥内部的微孔结构会由于钙质流失而遭到破坏,产生水泥的酥化现象。为加固保护这类历史建筑,本研究合成了一种亲水性高拉伸的有机硅材料。研究表明,该材料能在不明显改变水泥样品表面外观的前提下实现对酥化水泥样品的加固,经有机硅最佳浓度2%加固后的水泥样品的抗压强度可以提升约1倍。同时,这种加固材料在前期施工阶段具有良好的渗透性,加固剂固化后能够有效填补酥化水泥样品中的较大孔隙,从而达到增加强度的效果。另外,这种加固剂具有亲水性的特征,一方面不会存在强憎水性保护剂所带来的保护性破坏,另一方面在大面积现场施工时不需要使用大量有机溶剂,从而避免其对环境和人体的伤害。本研究对于进一步探索和开发水泥历史建筑的加固材料具有重要的借鉴意义。     

文物保护有机树脂溶液型加固剂应用过程中反迁原因的探讨

有机溶液型加固剂在使用中经常会出现反迁现象,通过对加固剂性质,被加固材料的性质及加固过程的讨论,指出由于溶剂快速挥速度低的溶剂,设法减少加固剂浓度及减溶剂的挥发速度,可有效地抑制反迁现象。     

五四时期对新史料的接受与认识

19世纪末以来新史料的大发现 ,对史学发展产生了深远影响。五四前后是接受与认识新史料的重要时期 ,王国维等人积极利用新史料进行史学研究并大力介绍新史料 ,使五四时期的中国史坛很快认识到了新史料的价值 ,这对于五四时期史学乃至 2 0世纪史学都有着非常重要的意义。     

出土汉代饱水苇编物的清理和加固

本文详细叙述了对一件汉代饱水苇编物的清洗和加固,并对乙二醛加固剂的浓度和酸度控制以及加固剂组成和结构进行了讨论。     

古代文物表面常见天然有机物的显微共聚焦拉曼光谱研究

为了鉴别文物表面常见的天然有机物,采用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术采集了古代常用的蛋白类、多糖类、脂肪酸类、树脂类4类6种有代表性的天然有机物的拉曼光谱。通过对皮胶、桃胶、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡、达玛树脂和琥珀标准样品的拉曼光谱分析,发现蛋白类的特征振动峰位于1657cm-1、1305~1252cm-1、1033cm-1及1003cm-1附近;多糖类的特征振动峰位于1463cm-1、1328cm-1、1258cm-1、1088cm-1、977cm-1等;蜡类的特征振动峰位于1470~1350cm-1区间,1659cm-1、1303cm-1、1636 cm-1及1610cm-1;树脂类的特征振动峰位于1660~1650cm-1区间和1460~1440cm-1区间。在对6种天然有机物光谱特征分析的基础上,得出了使用拉曼光谱法可实现古代文物表面常见天然有机物种类鉴别的结论。     

White But Not Quite: Normalizing Colonial Conquests Through Spatial Mimicry

The role of mimicry in the construction and deconstruction of social identities has enriched our understanding of power relations considerably. However, as a spatial practice, mimicry has received scant consideration. In what ways can space itself become an object of mimicry? What strategies and practices are involved in this process and with what political objectives? The current paper treats these questions by analyzing processes of mimetic spatial production aiming to transform the Israeli‐occupied territory of Mount Hermon into an “ordinary” western ski resort. Yet this concerted effort produces a variety of tensions and contradictions that ultimately undo the normalization of the colonial space, comprising a test case of the convoluted ways in which mimicry of space, not merely in space, generates various forms of slippage, excess and ambivalence.     

Paper 5: Historic Mortars from the Coudenberg Archaeological Site: Characterization and Source of Raw Materials

Abstract

The characterization of historic mortars by means of a concise methodology of material analyses can provide crucial information with regard to the origin of the raw materials and the ancient mortar technology. For the analysis of the historic mortars of the Coudenberg archaeological site, the methodology consists of optical and scanning electron microscopy, simultaneous thermal analysis, and an acidic treatment. These analyses were carried out on a total of seventeen samples lifted from various areas in the site, in function of the building chronology resulting from a historic built investigation. The type of binder and aggregate as well as their volumetric ratio were determined.

Both binder and aggregate present distinctive features, which made it possible to identify the probable geological provenance of the raw materials. The observations are verified with available historical records regarding the construction of the main banqueting hall — the Aula Magna — and the use of raw materials such as limestone and sand for the production of lime and construction purposes.     

文物岩石材料劣化两类结垢物质成分 及形成机制的分析与研究

为了探讨文物岩石材料劣化结垢病害的特征和形成机理,以洛阳龙门石窟和北京西黄寺清净化城塔塔基砂岩条石为研究对象,采用全岩化学全分析和X射线衍射测试技术对两类结垢物质的成分和形成过程进行了系统分析和研究。研究结果表明,龙门石窟的结垢物是在水长期渗漏过程中对碳酸盐岩溶蚀改造沉淀后而形成的;而西黄寺清净化城塔塔基砂岩条石上的结垢物来源于砌筑砂浆(其主要物质成分为方解石),白色结垢物的形成机理为,砌缝砂浆在水渗流作用下发生溶蚀,溶蚀形成的溶液流至其下砂岩条石上经沉淀及重结晶形成结垢物。     

Toolstone constraints on knapping skill: Levallois reduction with two different raw materials

Lithic raw material constraints are widely assumed to be a determining factor of flaked stone tool morphology, but this assumption remains largely untested. We conducted a controlled experiment to determine whether a knapper’s growing replication skills would be hindered if the toolstone used was switched from large flakes of an easily worked chert to nodules of less tractable one. Two batches of Preferential Levallois cores were knapped, an earlier series made from standardised large flakes of sediments dominated by chalcedonic quartz followed by a more challenging one using variably-shaped, cortical nodules of microcrystaline quartz that varies in the completeness of quartz replacement of calcite and dolomite. Skill level markers were designed to measure the knapper’s ability to achieve a series of set goals. These were quantified and subjected to statistical testing. In all but one test, significant increases in skill could be detected from the earlier to the later batch of reductions, despite the drop in toolstone quality. Significant improvements in the consistency of the knapper’s output could also be detected. However, the switch to a more challenging, nodular chert did require extra shaping, which resulted in more waste. This masked visible progress towards producing a less costly core. Overall, our results do not support the assumed primacy of toolstone constraints over other factors in influencing the morphology of flaked stone tools.     

基础日语说课

说课,是介于备课和上课之间的一种教学研究活动,现在已经成为了各大中小学校评价教师教学效果、教学质量的一种教学活动,是教师在备课的基础上,面对同行、专家,系统而概括地解说自己对某一门课程或者某一章节的理解,阐述自己的教学观点,表述自己执教的教学思想、方法、手段以及组织教学的形式等,然后由大家进行评说。说课,是一种新的教学研究活动,需要广大教师认真学〉-j,积极参与。