对古城自然-文化生态环境空间结构特质的研究--以青海省同仁(国家级)历史文化名城保护规划为例

本文研究的目标是以整体的观念、环境的观念、综合及多视角的观念为理论基础,运用系统(层次)构成分析法对特殊自然环境与文化背景下同仁历史文化名城的自然—文化生态环境空间结构特质进行研究,为古城的保护规划奠定基础,通过保护规划使古城的自然—文化生态环境空间结构特质得以保护与传承。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的国民教育

陕甘宁边区的教育经历了曲折的探索过程,从旧教育模式到创立自己的教育模式,由强迫教育到尊重群众的自愿与需要,由包办到民办公助,形成了具有鲜明时代特色的教育体制。、国民教育培养出的毕业生成为社会的有用之才,提高了陕甘宁边区文化程度,培养了大量专门人才。抗战时期陕甘宁边区的教育从抗战的环境和边区的实际出发,坚持教育同抗战、同社会、同生产劳动相结合的方针,为抗战培养人才,消除了群众中的文盲、迷信、不卫生的习惯,解决了群众生产和生活中的实际问题,既推动了边区教育事业的发展,也但排了边区经济、社会的进步,为抗战作出了重要贡献。     

汉代彩绘的回贴修复研究

针对出土的汉代生漆彩绘和胶料彩绘的破损状况,用自行研制的增塑剂(SC1,主要成分为水性环氧及有机锡),加固剂(水性氟),胶粘剂(环氧树脂与聚酰胺及508的混合物),对生漆彩绘耳杯进行回贴修复;用显现加固剂(508及有机氟材料)对西汉兵马俑胶料彩绘进行显现加固,然后采用水性氟试剂作为胶粘剂进行回贴。两类彩绘的回贴效果理想,说明这种新型的回贴技术可以应用于文物彩绘修复。     

土遗址防风化加固材料的研制及加固性能比较研究

本文用简单易行的方法将正硅酸乙酯进行预聚合,用盐酸作催化剂,待反应完毕后,在用乙二胺将PH值调节至微碱性,得到的预聚物呈无色透明液体。用此预聚物加固室内重塑土样,通过各种测试手段,如加固前后重量变化、渗透速度、空隙率变化、颜色变化、透气性变化、PH值以及盐蚀、冻融、高温高湿试验后的抗压强度等,并与PS材料、硅丙非水分散体、正硅酸乙酯和Remmers加固的标准土样进行各项性能的比较试验,结果表明:正硅酸乙酯预聚物加固后的土样各项性能都比较理想,能满足土遗址保护的要求。     

客观世界与文本世界的交锋--对新理论形态的马克思主义历史观评论的评论

蒋大椿先生提出的“唯物辩证的以实践为基础的系统史观”．在马克思主义历史观发展史上．是一种全新理论形态的历史观。无论是对于马克思主义历史观的发展,还是对于新世纪中国历史学的发展来说,它都具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。但是,由于评论者悬置客观实在的现实社会和历史,沉溺于马克思恩格斯文本建构起来的文本世界,加上评论者和蒋大椿先生之间在探索的问题、言说的平台和所处思想时段等方面的差距,因此,他们没有能够发现蒋先生的真问题和《思潮与发展》一文所具有的理论价值与现实意义。综览目前公开的评论,只能说这是一场极不相称的客观世界与文本世界之间的交锋。     

Material and cultural consumption in Cuba: new reference groups in the new millennium

Reference groups serve as markers for citizen-consumers to determine tastes and preferences about work and material and cultural consumption. These groups have evolved slowly in socialist Cuba, mostly during the post-Soviet era. This paper examines the symbolism, roles, and meanings of three such groups: the Cuban Diaspora, Cuban Gen-Yers or Millennials (survivors), and entrepreneurs. A combination of these groups is changing values about a new consumption taking hold across the island and offers insight into material and cultural consumption.     

文物保护技术新世纪展望

新世纪中有机氟材料将在物保护领域广泛应用,纳米材抖将从物保护新材料中脱颖而出,抑制微生物腐蚀将成为物保护工作重中之重,互联网将在物保护工作中发挥巨大效率。     

OBJECTS OF HISTORY: THE PAST MATERIALIZED1

What is the role of material culture in understanding the past? This review essay explores two principal approaches—the history of museums and antiquities and environmental history—to reflect on their shared investment in historical materialism. It reviews Timothy LeCain's The Matter of History and Peter Miller's History and Its Objects, discussing their perspectives on objects and the writing of history. One important part of this history concerns the relationship of academic historians to the idea of a history museum, curatorial practices, and public history. What kinds of history can we do in a museum, with things, that might not occur without the presence of objects? Why were nineteenth- and early twentieth-century efforts to encourage a close relationship between historical research and the history museum largely abandoned in favor of a document-driven approach? The second dimension of current interest in historical materialism concerns new approaches to environmental history. It draws inspiration from Deep History as well as recent work in archaeology and STS (Science and Technology Studies) to argue for a more integrated history of humans and nature that demonstrates how things have made us. The history of successive efforts to remake the environment in different parts of the world and their consequences offers crucial object lessons in how humans have responded to nature's own creativity. Both approaches to historical materialism highlight the virtues of a more interdisciplinary approach to historical scholarship, in the museum or in the field, but most important, in our own sensibilities about what it means to think historically with artifacts and to treat them as compelling evidence of a shared history of humanity and nature.     

Organized Materiality

In the late medieval period the religious guilds along with trade guilds grew in importance, as did the role of material culture related to the guilds. This history has seen little examination from a Fenno-Scandinavian and particularly a Swedish vantage point. In order to analyse the role of material culture in the formation of this way of organizing people, the article investigates the existence of late medieval guildhalls, especially rural ones, and discusses remains of other material culture that can be connected to the guilds. The halls, drinking vessels and other material things were activated in the growth of a new more substantial way of organizing society outside the boundaries of feudal society and family control. It is argued that material culture had a significant role in the recurrent activities of the guilds of the Middle Ages and in the shaping of new ways of organizing people.