Viewing Urban Development from the Evolution of the Social Environment

Although place-marketing and image-enhancement are increasingly common elements of Western urban policy, when applied to specific locales, these abstract theories have to negotiate local conditions and contexts. This paper discusses the ways attempts to place-market the city of Hull, England, prompted debates surrounding questions of place, memory and heritage. Despite being Britain's leading fishing port in the 20th century, Hull's place-marketing strategy elided this past in favour of a sanitised vision of a modern, post-industrial city. These debates crystallised around a 1999 planning inquiry over the proposed redevelopment of the erstwhile fishing dock. While the proposals contained some reference to the dock's role as a site of place-memory, this was deemed insufficient by local protest groups and politicians who argued for a more appropriate memorial to Hull's fishing community. Eventually, the redevelopment proposals were accepted, but not before attendant debates exposed both the depth of local sentiments over place-memories and fishing heritage, and also the difficulties of negotiating inclusive and plural heritage landscapes.     

Cultural Landscapes of Britain

'Britain' and 'cultural landscape' as used here are defined. The World Heritage categorisation provides the basis for a brief review of the range of such landscapes in Britain, with specific examples being named and briefly characterised. Relict landscapes are particularly noted. 'Threats to cultural landscapes are identified as of both development and decrepitude. A short discussion of the purpose and viability of cultural landscapes in Britain, for national and global purposes, concludes by noting a number of British cultural landscapes recognisable in World Heritage terms and potentially relevant to the European Landscape Convention 2000.     

The politics of area conservation in Cairo

The historic core of the Arab‐Islamic city has always played an integral role in the formation of the identity of the contemporary Arab city. It serves as the reference for the city’s character. This is especially so in Cairo, where historic quarters still act as the city’s most influential social and cultural source of inspiration. Today, many forces of neglect and deterioration have diminished this role. While attempts have been launched to confront this situation, they have focused mainly on restoring the historic city of Cairo, itself a World Heritage Site. This paper probes the actual reasons for the deterioration of the historic core of Cairo, as well as those that dominate the current efforts for revitalisation. In these processes it is the political dimension that is the most influential in the decision‐making affecting the proposed urban changes in historic Cairo.1 The present inquiry was supported by a workshop organised by the author to examine the attitude of the professionals representing different organisations involved in conservation in historic Cairo. This workshop was held on 12 and 13 September 2001 at the Italian Archaeological Centre in Cairo as part of the empirical work of the author’s PhD research.      

俄罗斯的亚太战略与政策探析

俄罗斯作为苏联解体后的当然继承国,成为当今世界政治经济格局多极化发展趋势中重要的一极。目前俄罗斯承袭了苏联后期的亚太战略,并在某种程度上使其有所发展。本文在分析苏联后期实施亚太战略与政策的基础上,着重探讨了俄罗斯目前实施亚太政治经济战略的新东方政策与措施,并对其远东同亚太各国的经济联系的近期态势进行了实证分析;论述了中俄关系对实施其亚太战略的重要性;指出中俄建立面向21世纪的战略协作伙伴关系完全符合两国各自的地缘经济利益。     

“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的研究与修复

为了解故宫博物院藏文物“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的制作工艺,使用X射线荧光光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪及数码显微镜对文物进行检测,明确了屏风所用材质:满铺“卍”字纹点翠为基底,大面积山体使用纯金打造,细节装饰配件则用金银合金、金银铜合金和银等金属材料制成,金质嵌件用金属丝拴结的方式与点翠基底相连接。笔者以科学技术分析为依托,确定了屏风的制作工艺为:制作木板底纹—点翠—制作金属嵌件—金属部件组装固定。针对点翠脱落严重、灰尘堆积严重、金属部件脱落、点翠基底开裂等伤况,对文物进行了点翠加固、除尘、金属部件加固、基底修复四个步骤完成修复。此修复研究为了解清代宫廷大型屏风的制作工艺提供了实践依据,并为后期同类文物的修复提供经验支持。     

故宫博物院藏宋代铜凤凰的修复保护与研究

文物修复保护及研究是一项涵盖多学科、多因素的系统性工作,不同文物中所包含的历史信息、文化价值和病害情况等都有其独特性。对文物的观察和研究,既能够发现、研究其中有价值的问题,又能够决定如何具体开展文物修复保护工作。本文以故宫博物院藏的一件宋代铜凤凰修复保护及研究工作为例,以时间发展和问题递进两个方面为顺序,对铜凤凰进行了信息调查、元素成分、形态结构、制作工艺等方面的综合研究,科学地、具体地、整体地分析在此项工作过程中所遇到的问题,根据实际情况提出与之相适应的解决方案并加以实施,对问题的发现过程与形成因素给出尽可能详细的解释,直观呈现对这件文物完整的修复保护及研究。在整个工作的过程中,思考使用问题导向思维作为文物修复保护中开展工作的底层逻辑,使所做工作都尽可能做到知其然也知其所以然。     

海洋出水木质文物保护中的硫铁化合物问题

海洋出水的木质文物中通常会沉积硫铁化合物。打捞出水后,硫铁化合物遇到空气和水分后会发生氧化,生成硫酸以及各种硫酸盐,并引起有机质的降解。近年来,硫铁化合物对海洋出水木质文物的危害已引起广泛关注。为此,本工作阐述了硫铁化合物相关问题的研究现状,就硫铁化合物的产生原因、危害以及目前控制方法的研究进展进行了总结,同时评述了针对硫铁化合物的处理方法。     

A Comparative Review of Policy for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe

This paper is a comparative study of the policies for the protection of the architectural heritage currently in place in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Georgia, Ireland, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. These countries are a representative sample of thirty-two countries that have brought the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (Granada, 1985) into force. Set against the articles of the Convention the paper examines the different approaches that are in operation. Bearing in mind that the Convention called for subsequent monitoring of provisions adopted by countries, which has not yet taken place, this paper provides a current overview of the extent of implementation and the different procedures and policies utilised.     

地面核磁共振方法在石质文物保护中的应用

石质文物破坏问题不仅在于人为破坏和表面污染,更多来自自然因素对文物的破坏,例如,日晒雨淋、风沙吹蚀、地表水的冲刷、地震、地下水的侵蚀溶蚀。为对第六批全国重点文物保护单位阳华岩摩崖石刻露天石质文物病害进行探查,采用无损探测的地面核磁共振方法和探地雷达方法,直接找水的地面核磁共振方法成功探测出摩崖石刻依附岩体地层含水分布状况。探地雷达方法探测出依附岩山体内岩溶、裂隙的发育状况。两种方法探测结果发现,石刻依附岩体内岩溶、裂隙发育,部分区域岩溶裂隙带已成为地下水汇聚场所或流通通道,对阳华岩摩崖石刻构成了极为严峻的侵蚀威胁。两种方法解释结果互为验证,研究结果为阳华岩摩崖石刻的病害治理和保护提供了宝贵的基础资料。     

青铜粉状锈中生物因素的影响

本文探讨了青铜粉状锈中生物因素的影响。实验结果表明：微生物在青铜腐蚀中起了促进作用。