上海旅游业区域差异研究——基于旅游资源、企业、政策与旅游经济关系的视角

本文基于区域经济学基本理论,研究了自都市旅游定位正式提出以来,上海核心旅游资源、核心旅游企业类型数量区域差异及其与旅游经济总量区域差异的关系;上海旅游产业政策演进规律特点及其与旅游经济总量区域差异的关系。研究结果显示,上海核心旅游资源、核心旅游企业类型数量区域差异与旅游经济总量区域差异呈正相关关系;上海旅游产业政策不断完善,呈现6大演进规律特点,缩小旅游总人次区域差异的优化效果好于缩小旅游总收入区域差异的优化效果。     

社区旅游资源产权困境及其改善

文章从产权理论和社区旅游资源的复合体特性入手,在分析社区旅游资源的4个特性和3个价值构成的基础上,认为社区旅游资源的复合体特性、资源属性的多样性及制度缺陷导致了社区旅游资源的产权困境。最后进一步探讨产权困境对社区旅游开发的影响,尝试提出了改善困境的几点建议。     

少数民族文化旅游资源保护与产权合理安排

文章从目前少数民族文化旅游资源保护方式和存在的问题入手,认为仅仅以民俗博物馆、民族文化村和生态博物馆等方式来保护少数民族文化旅游资源的形式不能从根本上解决少数民族文化旅游资源开发中的保护问题。根据产权理论和文化资源的本质,文章提出解决少数民族旅游文化资源的保护应从产权合理安排方面着手,改变以往不合理的产权安排.论述了合理的产权安排能从本质上解决少数民族文化旅游资源在保护中存在的问题,是处理好民族文化旅游资源保护与经济发展之间的矛盾和冲突的基本前提。提出只有让少数民族在文化资源开发中得到最大的利益,成为自己资源的真正主人,才能从根本上激励他们合理保护自己的文化资源,使民族文化资源得以可持续利用。     

我国自然保护区旅游开发的小规模控制模式研究

本文通过对旅游系统的分析,讨论我国自然保护区旅游资源开发模式的选择,认为小规模控制模式是实现自然保护区旅游资源可持续开发的有效途径。文章还提出了适应这一旅游开发模式的规划、投资、开发框架,对其中的规划者认定、规划流程、投资主体遴选进行了探讨。文章强调这是一种与当前社会和谐发展要求相适应的自然保护区旅游发展战略构想,较好地体现出了公平分配、取用有度的可持续发展原则,是一种值得我们进一步去深入研究的旅游发展模式。     

The commodity crisis of the 1970s: scarcity,vulnerability and the West German metal supply

ABSTRACT

The 1970s were a period marked by price hikes and fluctuations in the commodity markets, both of which had considerable economic and political repercussions. Although this refers to almost all kinds of raw materials, the case of oil dominates the memory. Metals, by contrast, have received little attention despite their crucial importance for both industrialized consumer states and ore-exporting developing countries. This article develops three main points. First, by highlighting the global metal markets from the late 1960s to the early 1980s it contextualizes the oil-price shock and points out the interactions between the markets for energy and other raw materials. Second, the article aims to draw attention to the sense of crisis in Western industrialized countries regarding their metal supply during this period. This is a topic which has been overshadowed by the case of oil, but which nevertheless deserves study, also because of the parallels to recent developments between 2004 and 2011. Third, the article analyses how notions of resource scarcity, vulnerability and crisis were constructed despite the fact that the commodity crisis proved to be a merely anticipated crisis with high and volatile prices, but no long-term disruptions of supply. Within this article West Germany serves as a case study for highly industrialized, import-dependent countries. The focus is on non-ferrous metals like copper, nickel and aluminium.     

Evaluation of bone strontium as a measure of seafood consumption

The recognition that bone strontium/calcium ratios reflect dietary levels of strontium and that seawater has a high strontium content led some archaeologists to infer that seafood consumption produces high Sr/Ca ratios in bone. Analyses of seawater and of marine organisms reveal, however, a marine trophic effect comparable to the trophic effect seen in terrestrial food chains. This marine trophic effect reduces the Sr/Ca levels in seafood such that marine dietary resources have Sr/Ca levels comparable to those of terrestrial resources. Thus, bone Sr/Ca ratios can not differentiate consumption of marine and terrestrial resources. Also, Sr/Ca of bones from archaeological sites where seafood was an important component of diet were found to be within the range of entirely terrestrial diets. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.