Non-destructive Provenancing of Ground-Edged Mafic Artifacts: A Holocene Case Study from the Sydney Basin,Australia

Ground-edged artifacts were an important part of the Australian Aboriginal toolkit. They had practical day-to-day uses, but some had symbolic and social values that led to their movement across great distances. Australian provenance studies document long-distance Aboriginal exchange systems extending over hundreds of kilometers. The size and complexity of exchange systems and social networks were contingent upon resources and the productivity of a region's environment. Along the fertile, well-watered lands east of the Great Dividing Range, movement of objects may have been geographically more circumscribed than in drier areas to the west. One hundred and twenty-one mafic, ground-edged artifacts from the New South Wales (NSW) Central Coast and 368 geological specimens from potential sources were non-destructively analyzed by portable X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results indicate the existence of a well-used basalt source within the region at Peats Ridge-Popran Creek as well as multiple local and non-local sources up to 430?km from Mangrove Mountain on the NSW Central Coast.     

近代中美畜牧兽医科技交流与合作探析

近代以来,农科留美学生引进了美国先进的畜牧兽医科技,促进了我国的畜牧兽医科技近代化进程。中美两国畜牧科技的交流与合作,表现在引进了优良畜禽品种并对国内的畜禽品种进行改良;引进并发展了近代家畜繁殖技术和畜禽饲养管理技术;从发展畜牧业的角度对草原和草地进行调查研究,对牧草进行栽培、选育、贮藏试验,从而揭开了中国近代牧草科技发展的序幕。中美两国兽医科技的交流与合作,则主要侧重于西兽医技术的引进与发展,其主要内容包括动物检疫事业的创建及发展、畜禽传染病的防治与研究等。     

中日学术交流与汉语训诂学研究

日本学者在汉语训诂学研究领域取得了许多重要成果,在不少方面甚至超过了中国学者,非常值得我们关注和借鉴。本文结合作者在日本大学中文专业任教三年的体会,从五个方面论述了中日学术交流对汉语训诂学研究的积极作用。     

On the origin of the tree Spondias mombin in Africa

This paper examines evidence for the origin of the tree Spondias mombin in Africa, where it is generally described as introduced from the Neotropics. Based on biogeographical, ecological, and historical evidence, this paper argues that the tree reached Africa via natural, long-distance dispersal, and should be considered an African native plant. The idea that it is introduced appeared in 1868, when it was a scientifically justifiable conclusion reflecting the limitations of nineteenth-century biogeographical knowledge. By the early twentieth century, representing Spondias mombin as a human introduction in Africa was no longer scientifically justifiable because of advances in knowledge of the African flora and plant dispersal ecology. Nonetheless, most authors continued to represent the tree as introduced, in part because such representation was consonant with dominant images of the African environment: (a) that the continent had suffered extensive deforestation in the recent past, and (b) that Africa's flora was depauperate in fruit trees prior to the coming of Europeans. Recent authors continue to describe Spondias mombin as introduced because they have not sufficiently considered the historic contexts of primary and secondary sources on Neotropical plant introductions in Africa. This paper concludes that the human role in creating the African portion of the trans-Atlantic tropical flora has been overemphasized. Natural plant dispersal across the Atlantic may be more frequent than generally accepted.     

世界性与民族性的奏鸣——读《夏鼐日记》之三

夏鼐先生成长于一个提倡以科学和实业救国的时代,科学救国的志向激励着年轻的夏先生远渡重洋。海外求学的经历使夏先生系统学习了西方的科学和文化,培养和具备了世界性的胸襟和视野。但中国从民族危亡走向民族独立和民族自强的艰难历程,又使夏先生的思想意识中带有民族性的维度。世界性与民族性贯穿在夏先生一生的学术追求和学术活动中,彼此交织。     

碎叶出土唐代碑铭及其相关问题

20世纪80-90年代,碎叶古城相继发现两块镌刻有汉文的残碑石和一块汉式碑额。第一块汉文残碑是杜怀宝为其亡父母暝福所刻造像碑的基座,他先后担任过唐安西都护、安西副都护、碎叶镇压十姓使。第二块汉文残碑,有学者认为是裴行俭纪功碑残石。本文将以碎叶古城出土汉文和汉式残碑为对象,重点讨论唐代西域地名和裴行俭纪功碑问题。研究表明,目前被疑为裴行俭纪功碑的那块残石可能是某个汉文墓志的残片,而碎叶出土汉式碑额为寻找裴行俭在碎叶所立纪功碑提供了重要线索。     

Economic Change in the Prehistoric Hexi Corridor (4800–2200 bp), North‐West China

It is widely known that the Hexi Corridor in North‐West China lies at a hub of trans‐Eurasian cultural exchange. Its role became increasingly important during the late prehistoric period, particularly as the ancient Silk Road began to be used. While the profound transformation of local cultural characteristics in the late Neolithic and the Bronze Age is well documented, the detailed economic dynamics of cultural evolution have not yet been clearly illustrated. In this paper, we report on significant new zooarchaeological and faunal isotopic data from the Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Hexi Corridor. The primary objective is to systematically reconstruct the prehistoric economic context of this area by combining these new data with previous archaeological studies and radiocarbon dates. We argue that the primary economic activities of local inhabitants changed dramatically in the prehistoric Hexi Corridor. This was marked by agricultural production at c.4800–4000 bp , agro‐pastoral production at c.4000–3000 bp and animal husbandry at c.3000–2200 bp , respectively. The major subsistence strategies of these three periods show considerable variation. It is very likely that these transformations of economic patterns in the prehistoric Hexi Corridor were primarily triggered by transcontinental cultural exchange and, to a lesser extent, by climate change.     

中原所见三代权杖(头)及相关问题的思考

以往的研究认为,权杖在传入中国的最初阶段,只是游弋于华夏边缘,中原王朝似乎并未接受这一外来文化特质。本文梳理了以往在河南、山西和陕西考古发现的权杖(头),发现这些权杖均出自三代时期王畿内的高等级墓葬,其使用者包括诸侯国国君、国君夫人、高官、军事首领或高等贵族。从而证明,夏、商、周时期部分社会高层已接纳权杖,并将其与中国传统礼仪器具中的斧钺、青铜礼器并列,共同构成象征王权和身份等级的标志物。这一新认识对深化早期东西文化交流的研究具有重要意义。     

越南境内汉墓出土院落明器研究

越南境内院落明器在东汉中期开始出现并延续至三国初年,院落的主体房屋由平地式演变为干栏式,院落的布局由前庭后屋式结构演变为房屋三面环绕中庭的结构。越南境内汉墓出土的院落明器在干栏式结构和城堡式设计方面既受到两广地区汉代典型建筑明器的影响又形成了自身的地域特点,此外以天井为中心的院落平面布局以及房屋独特的制作技法也体现了鲜明的本地特色,东汉晚期至三国初年具有越南境内地区特色的院落明器直接输出到两广地区,上述文化交流现象产生的原因与东汉时期两地密切联系的历史背景有关。