地毯样式与地域文化

中国生产最多的传统地毯图案样式是:北京式、美术式、东方式,对这三种样式的地毯图案所呈现的截然不同的图案纹样和风格面貌进行比较,对地毯产生地区及使用地毯地区的人们所存在的不同审美习惯、美学思想、艺术主张,地毯装饰的室内环境等进行分析与比较,从而阐述不同风格特征的地毯图案是与不同的地域文化密切相关的。     

吉祥绘画的图像意义及风格特征

吉祥绘画是中国造型艺术的重要组成部分,它的图像意义是十分丰富的。而它的风格演变是符合中国绘画艺术自身的发展规律。     

对人文地理学几个基本问题的诠释——兼论人文地理学的发展趋向

本文针对人文地理学中的时弊,澄清了对一些基本问题的认识。运用哲学的思想剖析了人文地理学的学科属性及融合性的学科发展趋势;指明了人文地理学的研究重点是区域,区域的核心是城市,示明了人文地理学对城市宏微观研究的领域;最后文章从方法论角度详细论述了模式探求对人文地理学的价值,指出正确对待人文地理学的计量化,增强人文地理学的实用性效能。     

先秦时期瓦当中的兽面纹与人面纹

兽面纹与人面纹是先秦时期非常有特点的瓦当图案。本文通过对兽面纹的来源、分类及兽面纹与其他瓦当图案组合的研究,阐明了兽面纹演变过程中的简化规律。并通过分析兽面纹与抽象人面纹的异同点,以及二者在发展演变规律上的一致性,论证了抽象人面纹与兽面纹之间的承继关系及这种变化与当时历史背景的关系。     

空间地理规律对区域(中国)发展过程的影响

运用空间地理规律探讨历史区域的空间发展过程,在古代中国具有十分良好有利的客观条件。本文基于较大空间尺度和较长历史时限,针对区域地理诸多分异现象的发生和变化,系统阐述了这一规律的三个方面(纬度地带性规律、经度省性和垂直地带性规律),在不同区域或地带空间发展过程中突出的表现特点和影响形式。     

西周封国徙封的文献举证——以宜侯夨簋铭文等四篇文献为中心

西周一些重要封国的封地曾经发生过变化,这种变化对西周封国格局和国家的政治进程产生深刻影响。虽然之前已经有学者提醒注意,但一直未能举出文献中对于徙封直接记载的条目,也不清楚文献中是否有关于徙封的直接表述。分析可知,宜侯夨簋、邢侯簋、《诗经·閟宫》、《诗经·崧高》四篇周代文献中"迁侯于宜"、"■邢侯服"、"俾侯于东"、"于邑于谢"就分别是对虞、邢、鲁、申四国徙封的明确记述。这些文献还揭示了西周封国徙封的一些细节和特征。找到了文献例证,未来可以在更稳妥的基础上探索西周封国徙封问题。     

Seismic Hazard Assessment of the NW Himalayan Fold-and-Thrust Belt,Pakistan, Using Probabilistic Approach

The Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) based on probabilistic approach has been carried out for the entire seismically active NW Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt in Pakistan. Additional information in the form of earthquake catalog, delineation of 41 active faults in a structural map, their relationship to the seismicity, and establishment of seismotectonic zones has also been undertaken.

From the distribution of the 813 events within the study area, it appears that seismicity (≥4.0 M_w) is associated with both surface and blind faults. The clustering of events in specific parts along the surface faults shows that some fault segments, especially in the hinterland zone, are more active. In parts of the active deformational front, like the Salt Range, southern Potwar and Bannu, lesser seismic activity (≥4.0 M_w) could be due to damping effect of the thick Precambrian salt.

A majority of the earthquakes (86%) range in magnitude from 4.0 to 4.9 M_w, followed by 107 events (13%) ranging from 5.0 to 5.9 M_w. The remaining 1% range from 6.0 to 6.7 M_w. There is a predominance of shallow seismicity (<50 km focal depth). Larger magnitudes events are more in the hinterland zone. In contrast, based on distribution of 683 (≥4.0 M_w) events, a deeper level of seismicity (50 to 200 km) prevails especially in the adjoining Hindukush Range of Afghanistan.

Four seismotectonic zones have been established in the area. The b value is highest for the Peshawar-Hazara Seismic Zone (PHSZ) at 1.27, followed by 1.12 for the Surghar-Kurram Seismic Zone (SKSZ). The Swat-Astor Seismic Zone (SASZ) and Kohat-Potwar-Salt Range Seismic Zone (KPSZ) have b values of 0.99 and 1.03, respectively, thereby indicating the occurrence of more events of relatively higher magnitude as compared to the other two zones. The mean activity rate of the earthquakes (λ) ranges from 4.26 to 1.73. In decreasing order, the values are 4.26, 2.62, 2.07, and 1.73 for PHSZ, SASZ, KPSZ, and SKSZ, respectively. Using four regression relationships, the maximum potential magnitude (m₁) has been determined for the 4 Quaternary faults. The highest value within each seismic zone represents its m₁. Our calculations show that m₁ is 7.8 in the hinterland (SASZ and PHSZ) and 7.4 in the foreland part (KPSZ and SKSZ).

SHA, incorporating probabilistic approach, has been undertaken at 10 sites, along with disaggregation at the assigned amplitude of 0.2g. Pakistan does not have an attenuation equation of its own. The two equations of Ambraseys et al. (1996) Ambraseys, N. N., Simpson, K. A. and Bommer, J. J. 1996. Prediction of horizontal response spectra in Europe. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25: 371–400. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and Boore et al. (1997) Boore, D. M., Joyner, W. B. and Fumal, T. E. 1997. Equations from estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. Seismological Research Letters, 68: 128–153. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] have been used and the results obtained using the equation of Boore et al. (1997) Boore, D. M., Joyner, W. B. and Fumal, T. E. 1997. Equations from estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. Seismological Research Letters, 68: 128–153. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] have been preferred. In the Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), the PGA values with 10% probability of exceedance in the 50 years, i.e., the return period of 475, have been determined using the EZ-FRISK (6.2 beta version) software. Best-estimated seismic hazard parameters (λ, m₁, m₀, and the β value) of the four seismic zones were used as the input. Results were generated in the form of total hazard curves. Values obtained range from 0.08g (for Bannu) to 0.21g (for Malakand and Kohat). For the other seven sites they are: Astore (0.082g), Kaghan (0.12g), Muzaffarabad (0.13g), Islamabad and Peshawar (0.15g), Talagang (0.16g), and Mangla (0.18g). High population density and more poorly constructed structures in Rawalpindi (twin city of Islamabad) and Peshawar make them more hazardous.     

The importance of a reliable grouping - Neutron activation analysis (NAA) data of Mycenaean pottery sherds re-evaluated with the Bonn filter method

Using the Bonn statistical procedure to form groups of samples of similar composition and hence origin, published NAA concentration data of Mycenaean pottery sherds from Mycenae and Tiryns measured in Vienna have been newly grouped and, after minor interlaboratory adjustments of a few elemental concentration values, proven to agree with well known Mycenaean patterns measured in Bonn and other laboratories. This demonstrates the importance of a good grouping procedure and also, that data from different laboratories can be used in provenance studies providing a larger reference data base.     

远离古桥建新桥：江苏古桥保护模式

江苏古桥是江南大地上的历史文化符号,在现代城市建设中,珍视古桥是现代文明的重要标志,保护古桥就是保护一座城市的地标性建筑,也是保护物质文化遗产的一大要务。文物部门要为古桥保护把好脉,定好弦,水乡人要自觉地守护好自己的精神家园,使古桥与现代城镇建设和谐共存,相映生辉。     

从“成功行动”计划看美国隐蔽行动的基本模式

美国密谋推翻危地马拉阿本斯政府的"成功行动"计划是冷战时期美国维护后院并遏制国际共产主义的一次重大隐蔽行动;更为重要的是,以"9·11备忘录"为政策指南的"成功行动"计划奠定了美国隐蔽行动模式的基础,而支持性官方压力、隐蔽宣传战和心理战以及辅助性军事行动则构成为美国隐蔽行动的三个基本环节。