The Problem of the Missing Harbour of Evagoras at Salamis,Cyprus: a review of the evidence and pointers to a solution

This article summarises the archaeological evidence for the existence of Evagoras' naval harbour at Salamis in North Cyprus, which ancient texts credit him with building c.410–400 BC. Based on a critical examination of previous surveys and his own on‐site observations, the author concludes there is indicative evidence of a constructed harbour c.800 m long, which was divided into two basins by a stone jetty, separated from the city by a stone wall and with some evidence of ship‐sheds at its north end. © 2012 The Author     

Pollen analysis of a soil sample associated with a Greek cult statue as a guide to provenance

A Classical Greek cult statue of a Goddess, “Aphrodite”, currently on display in the J. Paul Getty Museum has recently been reclaimed by the Italian government. The statue is thought to have been sculpted between 425 and 400 B.C. in southern Italy or Sicily, but its provenance is obscure. Soil incorporated into the true right arm socket of the acrolithic statue at the time of burial was pollen analyzed to provide information on its geographic origin. Since palynomorphs are often not well preserved in soils, a preliminary study was undertaken to investigate preservation and abundance of palynomorphs to determine the potential benefits of undertaking further analyses. Although concentration was low, the soil contained sufficient pollen and spores to determine the environment in the vicinity of the burial site of the statue. The landscape had been cleared of natural arboreal vegetation and intensively cultivated. Juglans regia and cereals were cultivated, and pastoralism may have been practiced. A specific geographic location could not be inferred without comparative soil analyses.     

色诺芬史学二题

古希腊历史学家色诺芬所著《希腊史》是希腊城邦危机时代的产物。这样的历史背景在很大程度上决定了作者对历史事实的取舍以及对历史人物的评价。色诺芬对西方古典史学的贡献主要有:完成了修昔底德的未竟之作,公元前5世纪末到公元前4世纪中期希腊史的主要史料,主要是有赖于色诺芬的记载而流传下来;对经济史、政治史、战争史、社会生活史等均有独到的分析和阐述;在史书编撰体例方面,特别是对于传记体史书,具有开创性贡献;对西方历史文学及军事文学也有重要贡献。当然,色诺芬史学也确有其不足和局限性。     

金代书院考

金中后期,在辽、北宋书院发展基础上,受南宋书院影响,金修复和新建了一些书院。本文经考证得出金有书院11所,其中新建书院6所、修复和延续前朝书院5所。这些书院集中分布在中原地区的山东、河南、河北、山西等地,是汉人地区的办学行为。从办学途径看,均为民办书院,其建筑与当地的传统民居相结合,呈现出地域特点和民俗风格。同时概因私家积书之多而建书院,故金代书院藏书亦应不少。修复和新建书院,是金代文化教育事业发展的标志,对后世元、清等少数民族政权书院的发展具有深远的历史影响。     

Reconstructing Regional Trajectories: the Provenance and Distribution of Archaic to Hellenistic Ceramics in Central Pisidia (South‐west Turkey)

Analytical ceramic studies offer the opportunity to determine cultural development and change on the basis of origin and use of raw materials. In this particular study, an archaeometric approach on ceramics in central Pisidia contributes to the discussion of contact and exchange between indigenous communities and several cultural spheres of influence on a long‐term timescale (eighth to second centuries bce ). Morphological data as well as mineralogical (optical microscopy; n = 273) and chemical composition (by ICP–OES/MS; n = 122) of ceramics and raw materials show distinct resource zones for the production and distribution of ceramics in this connecting region of Anatolia. The use of trace element profiles (REE, HFSE, LILE and TTE) in particular is regarded as instrumental in detailing high‐resolution provenancing of ceramics. The ceramic provenance indicates different patterns of material interactions during the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. A significant increase in regional interaction occurs coinciding with the development of pottery activities at Sagalassos.     

曹寅的文献学成就

清代著名文学家曹雪芹的祖父曹寅喜好藏书,精通版本、校勘、目录之学,曾刊刻《全唐诗》、《楝亭十二种》、《曹楝亭五种》等古典文献,提出“藏书不如刻书”的进步古书流通理论,而《楝亭书目》则体现了曹寅在目录学方面的独特见解和创新意识。     

当代西方史学变革影响下的古典文明史研究

当代史学变革对西方古典文明史研究产生了重要的影响,使之研究领域和史料来源不断扩大,研究重心逐渐下移,与相关学科的联系日益加强,并在社会文化史的诸方面取得了明显的进展。然而,我们应当正确地对待传承与创新、宏观与微观、历史叙述与分析的关系,并处理好历史编纂中精英与大众以及重大的历史事件与民众日常生活的关系,从而把古典文明史研究进一步向前推进。     

Jerome,Alcuin and Vergil's ‘Old entellus’

In 798, Alcuin quarreled with Charlemagne's court scholars over the calculation of the lunar saltus. In Epistola 145, an important source for this argument, Alcuin called his rivals the ‘Egyptian boys’, because they wanted to follow Alexandrian custom, which began the Easter cycle on 1 September instead of the Roman 1 January. Alcuin expressed his anger with the ‘boys’ over their violation of Roman custom by quoting aptly from Jerome's letters. Jerome's warning to Augustine in Epistola 102.2, to remember Vergil's Dares and Entellus, suggested to Alcuin that his scholarly debate with the ‘boys’ should become a boxing match. Accordingly, Alcuin became ‘old Entellus’, whom Charlemagne's young scholars had hit unfairly with their criticism. In Epistola 145, Alcuin jabbed at the weak logic of the ‘Egyptians’ and satirized their ignorance. Besides revealing Alcuin's literary techniques, Epistola 145 is important for illuminating the tensions in Alcuin's relationship with Charlemagne.     

论初唐政风对经学一统之影响

唐初大一统的政治局面,不仅促成经学的统一,也赋予了唐初经学家以自信的人文情怀和开放的经学意识,因而在对经学的整合与融通之中,能融合儒、释、道诸说,突破前人的门户之见和“师法”局限。崇儒尊孔的传统重新回归到文化主流之中,经学正是在此时经唐人的融合与变通,有了相对统一的标准和较为一致的认知。