CULTURAL HISTORY,THE POSSIBLE,AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PLENITUDE1

Cultural historical research has deliberately challenged “historical realism,” the view that history is comprised entirely of observable actions that actually occurred, and instead has emphasized the historical significance of thoughts, emotions, and representations; it has also focused on the invisible, the momentary, and the perishable. These latter elements introduce the notion of the possible in history. This article examines the ways in which cultural history has approached the notion of the possible, as well as the methodological and theoretical implications of this approach. Its chief claim is that the idea of possibility is fundamental for the concept of culture and ineliminable from its historical study. The question of possibility is present in multiple ways in the study of history; it is important to distinguish among different levels of possibility. The possible may mean, for instance, what it is possible for historians to know about the past, or the possibilities open to historical agents themselves, or, indeed, the possibilities they perceived themselves as having even if these seem impossible from the point of view of the historian. The article starts with the first aspect and moves on toward the possibilities that existed in the past world either in fact or in the minds of those in the past. The article argues that the study of past cultures always entails the mapping of past possibilities. The first strand of the essay builds on the metaphor of the black hole and intends to solve one of the central problems faced by cultural historians, namely, how to access the horizon of the people of the past, their experience of their own time, especially when the sources remain silent. The second, more speculative strand builds on the notion of plenitude and is designed to open up avenues for further discussion about the concept of culture in particular.     

Transdisciplinary Enrichment of a Linear Research Process: Experiences Gathered from a Research Project Supporting the European Biodiversity Strategy to 2020

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of a research project conducted by a network of environmental research institutes called Partnership for European Environmental Research (PEER). Our analysis constitutes a reflection on this research project based on a proposed ideal-typical transdisciplinary research process developed by . The aim of the PRESS project (PEER Research on EcoSystem Services) was to provide support for the development and implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, with a special emphasis on the ecosystem services concept. Our analysis of the research phases of the PRESS project shows that not all of the project elements accord with the notion of a full-scale transdisciplinary process. Despite this, a number of lessons can be learned regarding the use of different boundary objects for knowledge integration and the various roles played by researchers. We also identify some constraints with regard to synchronizing policy and project cycles and consider the advantages and disadvantages of research network structures in facilitating long-term cooperation.     

文物修复理念探讨与实践应用

文物修复是保护文物和研究文物的一个重要环节,而文物修复理念又是指导文物修复工作的理论基础;要能够熟练运用各类科学仪器并且在先进修复理念的指导下,对不同门类不同质地的文物具体分析区别对待,仪器分析是了解文物性质与制定修复方案重要依据;吸收国外修复理念精华,并且结合中国传统文物修复理念总结出一个适合中国文物修复的全新理念,既有利于研究文物,也有利于更好地展示和保护好文物。     

微痕考古——从微观信息认识历史过程的科学探索

微痕考古以显微观测与技术分析为基础,通过对自然微观痕迹、人类和其它动物行为痕迹的观察研究,阐释人类与动物的行为模式、生活环境、文化遗址埋藏现象等.并作为一种技术性工作广泛服务于我国的文物保护.微痕考古在工作方向、工作方法和工作结果方面,可以弥补传统考古工作和文物保护技术的不足,使考古工作从微观到宏观、从实验到理念、从局部到整体建立更全面、科学的分析过程.我国微痕考古近年迅速发展,专业队伍扩大、研究理念与实验技术进步、工作领域覆盖面拓宽近年微痕考古的重要收获,包括发现人类最早的戳刺性行为痕迹、人类最早的剥皮屠宰技术及刻划图案等;在玉器制作工艺与鉴定、石器使用痕迹与区域文化特点等方面也取得丰富成果.微痕考占的产生与发展,显示脱胎于自然科学的考古学专业,在与现代应用技术紧密结合下,使考古学在研究理念、分析技术和认知深度等方面正发生深刻变化.     

以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局--第十一个五年规划《建议》的新亮点

第十一个五年规划《建议》最鲜明的特点是,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,把《五年计划》改为《五年规划》;国民经济发展既要快又要稳;建设社会主义新农村是促进城乡协调发展的重要战略;自主创新是调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节;建设和谐社会的关键在于实现社会公平正义。     

从《曹风·蜉蝣》说开来——浅论《诗经》中的生死观

《曹风·蜉蝣》是一首通篇感叹人生短暂的诗歌,《诗经》中其它作品如《唐风·蟋蟀》和《小雅·頍弁》也表达过类似情感。从《诗经》反映的社会生活来看,当时的人们承受着战争,饥馑,徭役,被剥削,遭遗弃,生离死别,亡国失家等苦难,但是《诗经》中触及生与死的主题,抒发人生短暂的悲叹的作品相对较少。这一现象缘于诗经时代人们重视"生",着眼于现实生活的快乐和满足的生死观,这种生死观表现出强烈的生命意识。     

论藏传佛教伦理对当代藏族伦理观发展的影响

藏传佛教的伦理观念始终影响着藏族社会的方方面面。在新的历史条件下如何正确认识藏传佛教伦理思想对藏族伦理道德发展的积极作用,是需要深入研究的一项重要课题。     

对发展县域文化的几点思考

县域经济发展水平决定着县域文化发展水平,同样,县域文化对经济建设具有促进作用。发展县域经济需要文化作支撑,县域文化的成果最终体现在县域经济和社会发展上。因此,在县域工作中要一手抓经济建设,一手抓文化建设,使县域经济和县域文化协调发展,从而推动县域各项工作的良性循环。     

Generational order: troubles with a ‘travelling concept’

ABSTRACT

This brief comment on Samantha Punch's paper first recalls the theoretical context in which the notions ‘generational order’ and ‘generationing’ emerged. It is then suggested that their uneven use both in childhood research and elsewhere is centrally related to inadequate consideration of ontological and methodological issues involved in cross-theory and cross-context adaption of ‘travelling concepts’.     

旅游服务性企业领导能力的培养

企业能否成功，很大程度上取决于企业领导的素质。本分析旅游服务睦．企业领导应具备的素质，探讨应如何提高旅游服务性企业管理人员的领导能力。