Gl'Ingannati and its French Renaissance Translation

The article outlines the ideal Spain, as suggested by Ángel Del Río and M. J. Benardete in their essay in El concepto contemporáneo de España: Antología de ensayos (1895-1931). To these authors, Spain consists of a kind of modernist subjectivity that opposes the official Francoist Spain. The motherland so desired by Benardete and Del Río is an ethical construction set on a humanist base, unifying the domestic and the European, tradition and modernity—one that does not exclude but integrates. The discourse represents the political thinking of liberal nationalism diffused by the Center of Historic Studies or the philosophy of Ortega and Gasset.     

Zeitschichten des Klons. Anmerkungen zu einer Begriffsgeschichte

Temporal Layers of the Clone. Remarks on a Conceptual History. This paper aims at a history of the clone concept in 20th‐century life science and culture. The first part of the paper is concerned with conceptual history approaches. Here, the idea of ‘Zeitschichten’ by Reinhart Koselleck is discussed and its implications for the history of science are explored. In the following parts of the paper, I trace the historical dynamics of the clone concept in various fields of 20th‐century life sciences. I argue that the clone concept, which originated in plant breeding around 1900, soon developed into a technical tool in a variety of research areas. With this, specific meanings became attached: the idea of standardization, genetic identity, and mass reproduction. A further connotation of the clone was the idea of stagnancy with respect to processes in time: The clone was seen as something that was exempt from evolutionary changes. In the last section of the paper, I trace the shifting meanings of the clone concept in the 1960s and 1970s, when the clone became a widespread metaphor that pointed to future biotechnologically driven possibilities to reshape the nature of human beings. In this regard, the debates of the 1970s are analyzed as a turning point: Whereas utopian and eugenic visions predominated the debates in the 1960s (when the human clone was seen as something which will occur in a distant future), the 1970s discussion focused on the advent of a biotechnological era and the human clone had became a reality.     

以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局--第十一个五年规划《建议》的新亮点

第十一个五年规划《建议》最鲜明的特点是,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,把《五年计划》改为《五年规划》;国民经济发展既要快又要稳;建设社会主义新农村是促进城乡协调发展的重要战略;自主创新是调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节;建设和谐社会的关键在于实现社会公平正义。     

国外政党意识形态观述论

政党的意识形态观是政党对意识形态所持的态度和看法,它通过政党对意识形态的地位和作用、意识形态与实践的关系、意识形态与民众利益诉求的关系所持的态度和看法得以体现。从这些方面对国外政党的意识形态观进行综合性考察,就能得出关于政党意识形态观的一般性规律。     

CULTURAL HISTORY,THE POSSIBLE,AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PLENITUDE1

Cultural historical research has deliberately challenged “historical realism,” the view that history is comprised entirely of observable actions that actually occurred, and instead has emphasized the historical significance of thoughts, emotions, and representations; it has also focused on the invisible, the momentary, and the perishable. These latter elements introduce the notion of the possible in history. This article examines the ways in which cultural history has approached the notion of the possible, as well as the methodological and theoretical implications of this approach. Its chief claim is that the idea of possibility is fundamental for the concept of culture and ineliminable from its historical study. The question of possibility is present in multiple ways in the study of history; it is important to distinguish among different levels of possibility. The possible may mean, for instance, what it is possible for historians to know about the past, or the possibilities open to historical agents themselves, or, indeed, the possibilities they perceived themselves as having even if these seem impossible from the point of view of the historian. The article starts with the first aspect and moves on toward the possibilities that existed in the past world either in fact or in the minds of those in the past. The article argues that the study of past cultures always entails the mapping of past possibilities. The first strand of the essay builds on the metaphor of the black hole and intends to solve one of the central problems faced by cultural historians, namely, how to access the horizon of the people of the past, their experience of their own time, especially when the sources remain silent. The second, more speculative strand builds on the notion of plenitude and is designed to open up avenues for further discussion about the concept of culture in particular.     

论藏传佛教伦理对当代藏族伦理观发展的影响

藏传佛教的伦理观念始终影响着藏族社会的方方面面。在新的历史条件下如何正确认识藏传佛教伦理思想对藏族伦理道德发展的积极作用,是需要深入研究的一项重要课题。     

从《曹风·蜉蝣》说开来——浅论《诗经》中的生死观

《曹风·蜉蝣》是一首通篇感叹人生短暂的诗歌,《诗经》中其它作品如《唐风·蟋蟀》和《小雅·頍弁》也表达过类似情感。从《诗经》反映的社会生活来看,当时的人们承受着战争,饥馑,徭役,被剥削,遭遗弃,生离死别,亡国失家等苦难,但是《诗经》中触及生与死的主题,抒发人生短暂的悲叹的作品相对较少。这一现象缘于诗经时代人们重视"生",着眼于现实生活的快乐和满足的生死观,这种生死观表现出强烈的生命意识。     

文物修复理念探讨与实践应用

文物修复是保护文物和研究文物的一个重要环节,而文物修复理念又是指导文物修复工作的理论基础;要能够熟练运用各类科学仪器并且在先进修复理念的指导下,对不同门类不同质地的文物具体分析区别对待,仪器分析是了解文物性质与制定修复方案重要依据;吸收国外修复理念精华,并且结合中国传统文物修复理念总结出一个适合中国文物修复的全新理念,既有利于研究文物,也有利于更好地展示和保护好文物。