The Ballast Trade: An Economic Driver In Seventeenth- And Eighteenth-century Newcastle Upon Tyne

The domination of the economy of Newcastle upon Tyne by the coal industry during the seventeenth- and eighteenth - centuries is well known. Many ships arriving to collect a cargo of coal did not carry cargo but carried ballast, often in the form of sand or gravel. Over many years a vast quantity of ballast was deposited along the banks of the river, often spilling into the water, causing obstruction to river traffic. The management of ballast became a major pre-occupation for the Burgesses of Newcastle and a complex organisation evolved to manage the problem. Ships masters paid fees to the town to deposit ballast at ballast staiths which was then conveyed to the ballast hills at some distance from the river. The cumulative amount of these fees provided a substantial income both to the town and the Ballast Conveyors who leased and ran the ballast staiths, resulting in significant competition between the leading citizens in the town to obtain a lease to work a ballast shore. The ballast trade and its associated social, political and business networks played a very important and previously little understood role in the economy of Newcastle during this period.     

Masculinity and medicine: Thomas Walsingham and the death of the Black Prince

This article examines the nature of the illness that plagued Edward the Black Prince (1330–76) for the last nine years of his life and caused his death. The prince's premature death had profound political repercussions and a discussion of his symptoms provides a lens through which to examine late medieval attitudes to a wide range of social, religious and medical issues. The prince's symptoms, especially those described by Thomas Walsingham in his Chronica maiora, suggest traditional explanations of his death are incorrect. This article offers a number of varied but connected medieval and symbolic interpretations as well as a consideration of methodologies appropriate for analysing such material     

Book reviews

Ruth Oldenziel, Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women, and Modern Machines in America, 1870–1945 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999), pp. 271

Lars Engwall and Vera Zamagni (eds.), Management Education in Historical Perspective (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1999), pp. Xiii+177

T.R. Gourvish and N. Tiratsoo (eds.), Missionaries and Managers: American Influences on European Management Education, 1945–1960 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press/St. Martins, 1999), pp. X+165     

20世纪五六十年代“红专”问题的讨论

20世纪50年代中后期至60年代中期,中国社会掀起了颇具声势与规模的关于"红专"问题的讨论。这一讨论的出发点是好的,但受"左"的思想影响,对"红"的概念界定不清,将"红"与"专"割裂对立开来,造成了人们认识上的很大混乱,教训深刻。     

不平衡的发展:20世纪与现代化

20世纪历史的主题是现代化,20世纪重大历史事件都围绕现代化展开。就不发达国家而言,现代化对他们的冲击逼迫它们做出回应,于是就出现众多的革命、改良、和民族独立战争。就发达国家而言,经济大萧条和两次世界大战似乎表明它们的“现代化”已经出现问题了,于是它们进入“修正”现代化的阶段。一方面是现代化的全球扩张,一方面是“修正”现代化的努力,这两种相反趋势造成20世纪历史的矛盾发展,“不平衡”引发出无数的“多元化”。     

新世纪西部工业化战略初探

西部各省提出的要"大力发展高新科技产业","实现跨越式发展",很大程度上还是一厢情愿。因此,西部地区在新世纪的工业化战略选择上必须立足于西部各省区比较优势的客观现实,最大限度地利用劳动力成本低廉的优势、资源性产品丰富的优势,实现资本积累的稳步提高;同时西部也要充分利用几十年建设形成的经济基础,在局部地区、重点领域发挥后发优势,实现突破,逐步缩小与中东部地区的差距。西部新世纪的工业化战略应包含这些不同水平的发展内容,复合式工业化战略就是体现这种特色的一个战略选择。     

中国共产党与2O世纪的中国——纪念中国共产党成立80周年

20世纪是中国走向现代化的世纪。辛亥革命的胜利、中华民国的建立,标志着中国走向现代化(主动)的正式启动;五四前后在经济(民族资本的发展)、思想(新文化运动)、政治(无产阶级登上政治舞台、中共成立、国共合作)等方面的成就,标志着中国走向现代化的全面启动;新民主主义革命的胜利、中华人民共和国的成立,开辟了中国走向现代化的广阔道路;改革开放使中国走上社会主义现代化的康庄大道,中国的现代化事业迅猛发展。在新的21世纪,中华民族将以更强劲的英姿屹立于世界民族之林。     

上海港在“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的地位及发展战略研究

基于1995、2005、2015年的中国国际航运数据,运用枢纽度模型与复杂网络方法重点分析了上海港在“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线的港口地位变化,结果表明：上海港成为“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线最重要的港口,联系航线比重上升,范围扩大,强度增强,与东南亚的港口联系最为紧密;中国面向“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线航运网络由香港、上海（一主一副）的双中心向上海、宁波、深圳、香港的四中心发展,上海港成为四中心港口之首,上海港和宁波港同质竞争激烈;最后,从港口层面、区域层面、国家层面的角度提出上海港在“21世纪海上丝绸之路”中的发展建议,包括东南亚发展战略、港口协同发展战略、金字塔发展战略。     

Mapping the unknown: Gendered spaces and the oriental other in travelogues of Egypt by U.S. women, 1854-1914

The diaries and personal correspondence of U.S. women who travelled to Egypt as tourists, archaeologists and missionaries during the latter half of the nineteenth century both reflect and deviate from traditional Orientalist discursive patterns. Tourists who briefly visited Egypt to observe monuments and sites relied heavily upon conventional authority prescribed in guidebooks of the time. Women with careers in the nascent Orientalist sciences of Egyptology and archaeology often identified with male explorers and adopted the language of colonialism. However, women who spent a considerable tenure in Egypt, such as career missionaries, presented a more complex observation of indigenous peoples, partially because success in their careers depended upon a more intimate study of the host culture. Despite the use of Orientalist narrative devices and the tendency to obfuscate the real purpose of their writing, women travellers imparted gendered ways of seeing that drew on experience rather than conventional authority.