Human and animal diet at Conchopata, Peru: stable isotope evidence for maize agriculture and animal management practices during the Middle Horizon

This paper reports δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values for human and animal skeletal remains from the Middle Horizon (AD 550–1000) site of Conchopata in the Peruvian highlands. The data indicate that maize was the dietary staple for both humans and the majority of animals at this urban site. Camelids at the site segregated into two groups according to δ¹³C values, reflecting two distinct animal management strategies. Human infants were found to have elevated δ¹⁵N values, reflecting the trophic level effect of breastfeeding. No sex based differences in diet were observed.     

The center and the edge: Archaeology in Belize, 1809–1992

The archaeological history of Belize now spans, in a sense, 183 years. For all but the past quarter-century of that time, research in the country has ranged from sporadic to nonexistent. In recent years, however, forces both internal and external to Belize have brought about an explosion of fieldwork and reporting, as well as wide-ranging analyses, problem-focused studies, and the beginnings of placement of Belize in a theoretical frame. Review of the development of archaeological research in the country establishes a base on which to rest discussion of themes in current work, as well as the impact of Belizean data as regards changes in our assessment of Maya prehistory as a whole.     

Late Preceramic Peru

This paper presents a synthesis of current knowledge of Late Preceramic Peru (ca. 4450–3800 B.P.), a field of study that is less than 50 years old. A brief history of investigations and discussion of chronological systems are presented. A review of Late Preceramic achievements concentrating on subsistence economies and technology is followed by discussion of the social world of Late Preceramic Peru and current consensus and disputes regarding culture processes. Extensive long-distance exchange, farming, and social complexity are first clearly seen in the archaeological record during this time period. Nevertheless, the significance of this evidence with regard to the nature and intensity of the culture practices and processes that they represent is currently under investigation and in contention.     

美国中央情报局对中国西藏的准军事行动(1949-1969)

1949至1969年间美国中央情报局向西藏分裂势力提供了一系列准军事援助。该援助行动的实质是为美国远东战略利益服务,其目标是利用西藏分裂势力遏制与分裂中国,具体内容主要包括：为西藏叛乱分子提供情报和准军事训练技术;在西藏实施公路袭扰和破坏行动;为达赖集团提供军事物资和活动经费;与印度情报机构开展针对中国的情报合作等等。     

环太湖地区与中原地区文明化进程的宏观比较

环太湖地区文明化进程大致开始于良渚文化早期,至西周春秋时期才逐渐进入真正的文明社会。环太湖地区的文明化进程波折起伏较大,有着兴盛-衰落-再复兴的曲折过程,然而中原地区则是连续的不断的稳定的螺旋式发展过程。     

中心地体系中的分形和分维

中心地体系中蕴含着分形结构,具有多分维特征。本文借助koch雪花和随机Sierpinski图形揭示了中心地k=3体系和k=4体系的生成机制,提出了城乡聚落体系和城市-交通网络的两种分形模型,这些模型的分维与S.Arlinghaus的发现具有对应性。     

重评共产国际指导中国大革命的路线

中国大革命是在联共政治局和共产国际直接指导下进行的。在此期间 ,联共政治局会议专门讨论中国革命问题 1 2 2次 ,做出了 73 8个决定。指导中国大革命的基本路线和方针、政策 ,几乎全部来自莫斯科 ,并且由莫斯科派驻中国的代表、顾问亲自执行 ;只有一小部分是在他们的代表严密监督下由陈独秀为首的中共中央执行。 1 92 3— 1 92 5年 ,莫斯科提出的路线基本上是正确的 ;1 92 5年秋开始发生右倾化的转变 ,最后导致了大革命的失败。     

1927-1937年中国的学术研究

1927-1937年是中国近代学术研究发展较快的十年,出现了中央研究院、北平研究院及中国西部科学院等一批近代意义上的科研机构,各高校学术研究水平也有较大进展.这一时期的学术发展,对此后学术格局有着重要的影响.     

可贵的尝试——原中央博物院建筑缘起与历史评价

章通过对原中央博物院建筑策划、方案设计竞赛、施工建造等历史过程的详细描述与分析,指出该作品是徐敬直等第一代中国建筑师尝试将“民族性”与“现代化”相结合的一次可贵的尝试,并取得了成功。正是这种不懈的探索使得他们在专业上走向初步的成熟,原中央博物院(现南京博物院)建筑更成为经典之作。     

中原文明的起源与形成

总观全国各地新石器时代文化的发展,中原地区以它强大的文化根基,在文明起源和形成过程中始终走在前面.中原地区文明的起源是相当早的,在龙山时代晚期,中原地区已进入文明时代.