“海峡两岸——中原两周列国考古与文化研讨会”纪要

2011年12月21～23日由河南博物与台北历史博物馆共同举办的"海峡两岸——中原两周列国考古与文化研讨会"在河南郑州开幕,来自海峡两岸各地的学者参加此次会议。会议总结了两岸学者对辉县琉璃阁甲乙墓的研究成果,回顾了近十多年来两周考古的新发现,讨论了学术界目前关于两周考古的热点问题。此次会议是两岸携手对甲乙墓研究的一个阶段性成果,同时也是对近十多年来两周考古的重要发现和研究成果的一个检阅和总结。     

山东沂水纪王崮春秋大墓墓主蠡测

山东沂水纪王崮春秋大墓的墓主究竟属于春秋时期的哪个小国,为中国考古学界出了个难题,目前已有多位学者提出好几种说法。通过对墓中出土的青铜盂铭文"邛"字的分析,结合纪王崮春秋大墓的具体地理位置,笔者以为邛国最有可能是指《左传》中提到的项国,并对此说法进行了论证说明。     

清代陋规及其对基层司法和地方民情的影响——从徽州讼费帐单谈起

徽州讼费帐单真实地印证了清代基层司法中名目繁多的陋规.陋规的索取者主要是书吏和衙役,其存在及泛滥的原因比较复杂,给清代基层司法和地方民情造成了恶劣影响.清统治者借助于陋规以对百姓起诉权进行控制的理念是错误的,其意图不可能实现.     

Presence of xiphodont crocodilians in the Tertiary and Pleistocene of Australia

The presence of two types of xiphodont crocodiles is reported for the first time from Australia. Crocodiles with this xiphoid type of tooth morphology were previously unknown anywhere in the world since the Miocene except for isolated xiphoid teeth noted by Plane (1967) from a Pliocene deposit in New Guinea.     

A Critical Analysis and Philosophical Review of ‘Rapid Reburial’: the Clarence project

In 2012, Australian cultural heritage practitioners and conservation scientists collaborated on a national underwater cultural heritage (UCH) reburial project, known as the Australian Historic Shipwreck Preservation Project (AHSPP) funded by the Australian Research Council. This resulted in the excavation, documentation and reburial of the ‘at risk’ shipwreck Clarence. Following the excavation, the site and associated artefacts were reburied and subsequently covered by shade cloth and finally, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tarpaulins. After completion of the in situ reburial, a number of critical issues were put into sharp relief including: what constitutes the accurate identification of a site as being ‘at risk’; and the implications of ‘rapid reburial’.     

Life and Death in Neolithic Southeastern Italy: The Strontium Isotopic Evidence

There is a strong relation between people's structured identities and their chemical biographies: these can reflect the way individuals choose to reside and/or move. The strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) of skeletal remains is considered a useful proxy to assess residential mobility and social practices in past populations; however, so far, it has only occasionally been applied to prehistoric contexts in the Mediterranean. In this paper, we present ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data of human and animal samples from several Neolithic sites in the Apulian Tavoliere (southeastern Italy), namely, Grotta Scaloria, Passo di Corvo, Masseria Candelaro and La Torretta/Poggio Imperiale. Data obtained from dental enamel reflect the local origin of the individuals and allowed us to differentiate function and meaning of the sites examined. In particular, within a generally homogeneous background of Sr signatures, the range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr at Scaloria Cave is greater than at the other sites, with variation likely to be related to funerary practices. We interpret this as the evidence of the ritual use of the cave, which implied the gathering of people of different origin. The relative variation of the Sr signature among individuals, either intersite or intrasite can be tentatively associated with mobility during life as well as with social practices, such as access to foods from geologically different environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hayonim Cave: a TL-based chronology for this Levantine Mousterian sequence

The thermoluminescence dating method was applied to 77 heated flints from the Mousterian layers of Hayonim Cave in order to provide a precise TL-based chronology for this important Levantine sequence. A detailed dosimetric study was performed by using 76 dosimeter capsules and revealed strong spatial dose-rate variations. In parallel, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry enabled the identification of various mineral assemblages in the sediments of the cave and to localize the boundaries of these assemblages. By comparing these two data sets, it is shown that low dose-rate values (∼500 μGy/a) are systematically recorded in areas where the calcite-dahllite (CD) assemblage is preserved, whereas higher values (up to 1300 μGy/a) are associated with the leucophosphite, montgomeryite, variscite and siliceous aggregates (LMVS) assemblage. The dosimetric and mineralogical information was combined in order to assess, where possible, the dose-rate experienced by each flint during its burial. Some of the flint samples analyzed were too close to mineral assemblage boundaries and were therefore discarded. This rigorous selection led to TL ages ranging from 230 to 140 ka for the lower part of the Mousterian sequence (layers F and Lower E), which contains lithic industries characterized by blade production using the laminar method.     

舒城九里墩春秋墓的年代与族属析论

舒城九里墩春秋墓的时代,发掘报告认为与寿县蔡侯墓相当,若从鼎、簠、敦诸器的细部特征来看,似乎较蔡侯墓略早一些,下葬时间约在公元前500年左右。墓内残存的部分青铜礼器,具有明显的楚文化风格和特征,说明墓主人与楚国和楚文化有着密切的联系。该墓主的身份,发掘报告认为属于侯王一类的贵族阶层,很可能是群舒中某一位君主,可备一说。从其墓葬形制、规模、部分随葬器物以及当时的历史背景分析,亦不能排除为吴国高级贵族的可能性。     

云冈20窟佛坐像对太和期单尊佛像的影响

云冈20窟佛像的图样来源属于犍陀罗-凉州系统佛像,其坐像的衣纹形式在昙曜五窟中别具一格。至云冈第2期即太和时期,以20窟佛坐像为范本的石窟佛像和单尊铜石佛像盛行一时,确立了太和时期独具特色的佛像形式。