新课标下的地理多媒体教学

新课标要求教师必须根据具体的教学情境进行创造性、主动性的劳动,创设生机勃勃的课堂教学氛围,充分调动学生的积极性和主动性,使教师和学生在课堂上焕发活力。倡导学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习,充分发掘学生的潜能,有力地促进学生个性发展。     

Hydrodynamics and membrane seal capacity

The impact of hydrodynamic groundwater movement on the capacity of seals is currently in debate. There is an extensive record of publication on seals analysis and a similar history on petroleum hydrodynamics yet little work addresses the links between the two. Understanding and quantifying the effects of hydrodynamic flow has important implications for calibrating commonly used seal capacity estimation techniques. These are often based on measurements such as shale gouge, clay smear or mercury porosimitry where membrane sealing is thought to occur. For standard membrane seal analysis, seal capacity is estimated by quantifying capillary pressure‐related measurements and calibrating them with a large observational database of hydrocarbon column heights and measured buoyancy pressures. The seal capacity estimation process has historically been adjusted to account for a number of different generic trapping geometries. We define the characteristics of these geometries from a hydrodynamics viewpoint in order to fine‐tune the seal capacity calibration process. From theoretical analyses of several simplified trapping geometries, it can be concluded that generally, the high pressure side of the seal should be used as the water pressure gradient with which to calculate buoyancy pressure. Secondly, trap geometries where hydrocarbon is reservoired on both sides of a fault are not useful for estimating across fault seal capacity.     

Balancing Costs and Benefits of Collaboration in an Ecology of Games

The growth of collaborative approaches to governance has resulted in increasingly complex policy and management landscapes, where actors are presented with ever‐increasing numbers of decision‐making venues they can participate in and actors they can collaborate with. Given that actors face constraints on their capacity to manage actor and venue relationships in such polycentric governance systems, we assume the marginal benefit of yet another relationship should begin to diminish at some level of engagement. Furthermore, we hypothesize that such capacity limitations are not static, but decrease as actors learn, develop skills, and formulate strategies for how to navigate complex polycentric systems more effectively. Drawing on the Ecology of Games framework, this article investigates two Swedish collaborative governance initiatives where a multitude of actors came together to address a range of different, but interrelated, policy issues and management tasks. The empirical findings suggest that actors’ capacities to successfully navigate polycentric governance arrangements increase as they gain experience and develop their networking skills. Our findings imply there is a need to balance increased complexity in polycentric systems with increased capacity, otherwise the overall effect of an ever‐increasing number of venues and actors could be collaborative fatigue and decreased abilities to address diverse governance challenges.     

CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID SOLUTIONS FOR SEISMIC RESISTANT BRIDGE SYSTEMS

The development of alternative solutions for precast concrete buildings based on jointed ductile connections has introduced innovative concepts in the design of lateral-load resisting frame and wall systems. Particularly efficient is the hybrid system, where precast elements are connected via post-tensioning techniques and self-centring and energy dissipating properties are adequately combined to achieve the target maximum displacement with negligible residual displacements. In this contribution, the concept of hybrid system is extended to bridges as a viable and efficient solution for an improved seismic performance when compared with monolithic counterparts. Critical discussion on the cyclic behaviour of hybrid systems, highlighting the most significant parameters governing the response, is carried out.

The concept of a flexible seismic design (displacement-based) of hybrid bridge piers and systems is proposed and its reliability confirmed by quasi-static cyclic (push-pull) and nonlinear time-history analyses based on lumped plasticity numerical models.     

ON THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

A large part of the building population in Switzerland is made of unreinforced masonry. For the assessment of the seismic risk the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of existing unreinforced masonry buildings is therefore crucial. In this paper a method to evaluate existing buildings, which was developed for the earthquake scenario project for Switzerland, is briefly introduced and discussed in more detail for unreinforced masonry buildings. The method is based on a non-linear static approach where the seismic demand on the building is compared with the capacity of the building. In-plane and out-of-plane behaviour are considered. Comparisons with test results from model buildings show that the proposed method suitably forecasts the capacity of a building. Finally, a numerical example of the application of the method to a building in the city of Basel is given.     

INFLUENCE OF CAPACITY DESIGN METHOD ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF R/C COLUMNS

Abstract

This paper aims at assessing the influence of the design procedure followed in designing the columns of a reinforced concrete (R/C) building on the performance of the columns, aa well as of the structure as a whole, when subjected to seismic loading; to identify potential weaknesses in currently adopted procedures; and to present a new procedure which is based on currently-available, powerful analytical tools, and results in increased reliability with regard to seismic loading. Two case studies are presented, involving multistorey reinforced concrete buildings with frame and dual structural systems subjected to various appropriately-scaled input accelerograms. The results obtained indicate that capacity design of columns results in adequate safety margins against failure, even when the adopted overstrength factors are quite low, but hinging in columns is not avoided unless very high overstrength factors are used. The suggested novel technique of capacity design led to very satisfactory seismic performance, and offers the possibility of cost reduction by achieving an appropriate balance between provided flexural strength and corresponding confinement.     

模块化视角下上海时尚产业发展路径研究

本文引入模块化相关理论并以此为理论基础考察了五大时尚之都(伦敦、米兰、巴黎、纽约和东京)的时尚产业及其模块化组织发展状况。通过调研所得资料提炼这些城市时尚产业的模块化发展要素及其作用机理,并总结其时尚产业模块化组织价值创新的发展路径。结合上海时尚产业的发展现状,对其具备的共同要素和特殊要素进行分析,说明在经过十余年的发展后,上海时尚产业在模块化进程中所处的阶段及其与时尚之都的差距。并以此为基础设计适合上海城市发展特点的时尚产业模块化发展路径。本文认为通过扶植创新要素、深化生产要素、提升消费要素、促进各个要素良性互动的措施,可以帮助上海时尚产业实现本土化和国际化的有效融合,进而实现其模块化组织价值创新。     

No Race in Any Direction: State Welfare and Income Regimes

This paper has two objectives. First, we examine state adoption and implementation of income support policies under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. We develop a composite measure of income support that includes welfare programs that scholars traditionally investigate and adds optional policies that encourage independence through work. Second, we engage a substantive focus on the administrative ability and willingness of states to adopt and implement sophisticated income support policies. We investigate the extent to which state government professionalism, ideology, economic resources, and racially based policies have shaped state policy. We find that the percentage of the state population is liberal; state racial demographics and governmental professionalism are critical determinants of state welfare and income support regimes. Significantly, we find no evidence that states are converging toward high‐quality, effectively financed welfare policies or income regime policies to help the poor move into and economically survive in the job market.     

Resource and environmental management: connecting the academy with practice

The rewards and challenges related to a research program that involves interactions between basic and applied research are shared. Specific experience is examined regarding integrated water resource management, capacity enhancement in developing countries and writing textbooks. Key lessons include the manner in which applied research and practice inform and enhance basic research, the role of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in guiding applied research, the need to understand the distinction between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary models and the importance of facilitating evolution from visions, strategies and plans to action.     

旅游生态管理容量初探

随着旅游业规模的不断扩大,其对旅游目的地生态环境的不利影响引起了越来越多的关注,从而使旅游生态环境容量研究显得格外重要和迫切,为此本文对旅游生态环境管理容量概念进行了扩展,提出可操作性较强的具有全新内涵的生态管理容量概念,在此基础上讨论了生态管理容量的特点、研究内容、影响因素,并对生态管理容量的计算方法进行了探索性思考。