A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRENGTHENING AND RETROFITTING MEASURES FOR UNREINFORCED BRICK MASONRY MODEL UNDER CYCLIC TESTING

An experimental study on half-scale brick-masonry models with different strengthening and retrofitting measures has been studied under cyclic loading in a quasi-static test facility. The strengthening measures undertaken for the studies axe the horizontal bond beam at the lintel and sill level with a combination of vertical reinforcement at corners and openings. The retrofitting measures studied are grouting with epoxy-sand-mortar and cement-grout-injection with welded wire mesh in the cracked region. The tests reveal that the horizontal bond beam at lintel level with vertical reinforcement is effective in reducing the cracking above the lintel level. The insertion of an additional sill-band signi-ficantly reduces the cracking in walls. The epoxy-sand-mortar techniques for retrofitting of cracked regions prove to be effective enough to restore the initial strength, stiffness and deformation capacity. Although specimen retrofitted with cement-grout-injection with welded wire mesh is effective to regain the ultimate strength yet the brittle failure is observed as the specimen is stressed beyond the elastic limit.     

安徽淮北相山渠沟墓群M50发掘简报

2016年2月,安徽省文物考古研究所对淮北市渠沟墓群展开抢救性发掘,实际清理墓葬85座。其中M50为带墓道的单室砖墓,可能是一男二女妻妾合葬墓。M50规模较大,出土大量的模型明器和祭祀类器物。根据墓葬形制和出土器物判断,M50的年代当在东汉前期。墓葬的发掘为研究两汉之际该地区乃至整个江淮流域之间的丧葬习俗提供了重要资料。     

安徽马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓发掘简报

2009年,安徽省马鞍山市博物馆抢救性发掘了马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓。该墓是一座带甬道的单室砖墓,已严重破坏,但二十多件随葬品时代特征明显。出土的陶俑佐证了六朝时期男女衣著没有严格界限区分的特点,棺床和祭台构筑形式为研究长江下游东晋"凸"字形砖室墓形制演变提供了珍贵的实物资料。     

冻融作用对古青砖宏观性能及微观结构劣化的影响

砖质文物建筑多数处于室外工作环境,其损伤呈现出冻融循环条件下的物理风化和材料水解条件下的化学风化联合作用破坏形态,致使古青砖文物面临着严重的环境侵蚀风化问题。为此,以古建筑青砖为研究对象,通过对6组试样分别进行0,15,30,45,60和75次冻融循环试验,分析冻融循环次数对古青砖的孔洞率、质量、抗压强度的影响规律。在此基础上,通过TEM(透射电子显微镜)扫描探讨了冻融作用对古青砖微观结构的损伤过程及劣化机理。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,古青砖的孔洞率、质量损失率以及强度损失率均增大;TEM扫描发现冻融对古青砖造成了明显的微观孔隙结构损伤,特别是75次冻融循环后该损伤明显激增。同时,利用XPS(X射线光电子能谱仪)测试古青砖化学成分的组成,说明青砖体内碳酸盐等可溶性盐类的晶体水解造成青砖的微观孔隙结构损伤,是其遭受化学风化作用的主要原因。     

河南淇县民间收集的明代长城文字砖

河南省淇县西岗村王长安,收集到750多块明代文字砖。征得其同意,笔者将他所收集的部分明代长城文字砖整理介绍出来,以飨读者。     

ANALYTICAL MODELS FOR BRICK MASONRY INFILLED R/C FRAMES UNDER LATERAL LOADING

Proposed in this paper are two analytical models for predicting the inelastic response of unreinforced brick masonry infills in reinforced concrete frames subjected to mono-tonic and reversed cyclic loading. The first model is based on the traditional diagonal strut concept, while the second one is a simple isoparametric element with shear deformation only. All the essential characteristics of the hysteretic behaviour of the panel, including strength and stiffness degradation, pinching and slippage, are explicitly taken into account. The models are implemented in a general-purpose program for the inelastic time-history analysis of structures, and are used for studying the seismic behaviour of typical multistorey frames with various arrangements of infill panels, including structures with an open ground storey. The results of the analysis are in agreement with both experimentally observed behaviour and with experience regarding seismically damaged buildings.     

结合热力学对古建筑墙体砖(雕)风化侵蚀机理探究

为了揭示古砖的风化侵蚀机理,采用X射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜观察(SEM)进行微观结构分析,结合压汞仪测试孔的性质,并使用热力学软件(HSC)对砖内的化学反应进行验证。研究结果表明:对于靠近地面一定高度内的古建筑墙体砖,地下水及离子通过砖内的毛细管网络不断向上部和表面进行迁移,在砖内可溶性盐类的结晶以及水结冰时产生的压力是造成墙体砖风化破坏的主要因素;对于NO X、SO 2浓度较高、酸雨较多的地区,酸性物质进入砖体并与钾长石,钠长石等发生反应形成新的盐类,盐的结晶、溶解、流失也是导致古砖破坏的一个不可忽略的因素,尤其是对于地下水无法渗透到的墙体砖,这些可能成为主要的物理化学损毁因素。本研究为古砖以后的保护提供了一种新的研究思路以及科学的理论基础。     

A Technological Study of the Elamite Polychrome Glazed Bricks at Susa,South‐Western Iran

This study investigated the technological features of the Neo‐Elamite glazed bricks discovered at the Acropolis of Susa, south‐western Iran, by conducting micro‐Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The results showed that calcium antimonate white and lead antimonate yellow were used as opacifiers in the white, yellow and green glazes, and that green and turquoise glazes were achieved using copper. Coloured glazes were separated by a Si‐rich brown glaze to prevent them from running together during firing. The glazed bricks most probably were not fired at temperatures higher than 900°C.     

古建筑烧结粘土砖性能检测的超声波方法研究

烧结粘土砖作为中国古建筑使用最广泛的材料之一,现有的机械物理性能检测方法多为破坏性的,采用超声波无损检测法则可以最大程度保证砖的完整性。因此,本工作对比了试验台、砖表面平整度以及砖湿度等客观条件对超声波无损检测方法的影响,确定了超声波法检测古代粘土砖性能的操作流程。在初步测定采自山西南部及香港某古建筑的砖性能后发现,超声波无损技术可以标定砖的机械物理性能,并能判断同类型砖的不同劣化程度。超声波无损检测过程可以很好地保证古代砖的完整性,不会对古建筑造成破坏,而且具有便携性。研究结果表明,超声波无损检测是可以推广应用的古建筑勘察及质量监测技术。     

长袖婆娑舞汉天--从考古出土实物谈汉代长袖舞

长袖舞是汉代著名的舞蹈,同时也是汉代艺术创作的主要题材之一,本文根据考古发现有关长袖舞的实物资料,从长袖舞在民间的盛况、汉代自娱性长袖舞、专业性长袖舞、长袖舞对汉代社会折射等四个方面对长袖舞的艺术风格进行了分类整理与研究.