江苏金坛县薛埠镇上水土墩墓群二号墩发掘简报

2005年南京博物院考古研究所在金坛县薛埠镇上水村发掘了4座土墩墓,其中二号墩发现的遗迹包括器物群、墓葬、土台和房址。墓葬和其中3个器物群出土有硬陶坛、瓿、碗、施釉硬陶豆和夹砂陶鼎、泥质陶瓿等,年代为西周晚期,其他5个器物群含商代早期陶器,推测为修筑土墩墓时有意放置的。     

The effect of congestion and agglomeration on multifactor productivity growth in Dutch regions

It is well known that labour productivity growth in Europe isslowing down, against an increasing growth rate in the US. TheNetherlands is one of the countries in Europe with the lowestgrowth rates of productivity. This article looks at this phenomenonfrom a regional perspective and presents the results of a growthaccounting exercise applied to regional industry data of TheNetherlands between 1995 and 2002. We find that slow productivitygrowth in The Netherlands is particularly situated in the economiccore regions and is caused by slow multifactor productivity(mfp) growth. A substantial part of this slow mfp-growth canbe explained by the fact that positive agglomeration advantagesare overruled by negative congestion effects caused by trafficjams.     

The Negative Effects of Insufficient Support Systems on Kuwaiti Mothers of Children with Disabilities

Parents raising a child with a physical or cognitive disability are often faced with the negative stigma against disabilities that exist in several Arab countries. This puts extra pressure on the parents and can lead to negative outcomes for the children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parenting stress and varying levels of support for mothers of children with disabilities and the effects of these pressures on their relationship with their disabled child. We surveyed 85 Kuwaiti mothers of children with disabilities. The participants filled out an online survey with questions regarding parenting related stress, perceived social support, feelings of social isolation, self‐efficacy, and attachment to their child. Results indicate that mothers who feel unsupported by their families, community, and government experience more parenting stress and greater social isolation. These in turn lead them to feel less competent in their parenting abilities, and ultimately they feel less emotionally connected to their child. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

From Democratization to Securitization: Post‐Arab Spring Political Order in the Middle East

This article examines the question: why and how the wave of democratization in the Middle East has receded, giving way to the prioritization of security in the post‐Arab Spring by conducting analyses at three levels: societal, state, and international. By applying the main concepts and theories found in the literature on democratization and securitization and by analyzing the Bertelsmann Stiftung's Democracy Status Index, the Arab Barometers Survey, and the Arab Opinion Survey, the article concludes that: at the societal level, the tragic unfolding of events after the Arab Spring prohibits the public from pushing a reform agenda; at the state level, the post‐Arab political environment raises doubts among the ruling elite about how far political reforms should be extended; and at the international level, with the rise of new security threats, international pressure on Middle East countries to democratize has been restrained, giving way to security cooperation as the top priority.     

青铜古镜表面层富硅的考察

运用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针微量分析、X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和红外反射光谱等分析手段对16块古青铜镜残片的合金基体及表面层进行了分析比较,结果发现表面层内Cu含量低于基体,而Sn．O的含量则明显增高;表面层内有Si元素的富集,并且是以SiO_2非晶形态存在;对于不同种类的青铜镜,表面层深度不同,含Si量有差异,其表面光亮度和釉质感亦有区别。对古铜镜颜色的变化,SiO_2的保护作用及铜镜表面的加工工艺进行了分析探讨。     

SO2气体对丝织品文物影响的试验研究

空气中的SO₂气体对丝织品文物有一定的危害作用。课题分别试验了各种丝织品试样在50μ mol/mol的SO₂气体下不同时间的影响变化。通过色差分析,红外分析,氨基酸分析及XRD分析对丝织品进行表征,得到了40℃下50天的干热老化丝织品试样在50μ mol/mol的SO₂气体下,随着试验时间的延长,其色差变化最大。经SO₂气体处理的丝织品试样的氨基酸成分发生改变,结晶度也变大,老化程度加大。本研究结果可为保存和保护丝织品文物提供依据。     

核磁共振(NMR)T2分布对云冈石窟风化的初步研究

云冈石窟的保护受到我国文物保护工作者的重视。恶劣的自然环境,加上人为的污染,使云冈石窟的保护问题日显严峻,必须综合治理。然而,在这些复杂因素中,岩体的风化治理最为关键。岩石的孔隙尺寸及其分布是表征岩石力学、水理性质的重要参数。同种岩石,其孔隙率越高或者孔隙分布越大,则表示岩石的力学和水理性质越差。由此可见,借助孔隙率及孔隙分布状况,可表征同种岩石的风化情况。核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2与岩石孔径分布具有一定的线性关系。随着石雕风化的加剧,岩石可视孔隙率增大,孔径大小的平均值也将相应增大。基于这一前提,本研究尝试采用核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2分析石雕文物不同深处的孔径分布情况,通过实验室对云冈石窟新鲜岩石样品,结合抗盐风化安定性实验,和对自然风化样品采用便携式核磁进行无损检测,探讨其风化程度和深度,以便深入研究石雕文物的风化状况。研究结果表明, 风化岩石的新鲜层只有一类小孔隙,弛豫时间约为2~6ms,风化层岩石有大孔隙生成,且随着岩石风化程度增强,小孔径孔隙所占孔隙比例降低,大孔径孔隙所占比例增多。根据不同深度岩样的孔径分布情况,及新鲜岩石的孔径分布情况,可以得出岩石的风化深度为5mm左右。本研究可为后续的现场保护措施提供有价值的信息。     

深圳铁仔山古墓群出土铜器腐蚀情况研究

受深圳地区海洋气候及土壤环境影响,铁仔山古墓群出土铜器锈蚀情况严重。为了给后续的保护修复处理提供科学依据,需研究出土铜器锈蚀情况。为此,通过硝酸银定性分析、X射线荧光能谱分析、拉曼光谱分析等手段,对其表面锈蚀物进行综合分析。结果表明,该批铜器矿化严重,其锈蚀成分以孔雀石为主。其中一件铜器表面锈蚀物中含有氯磷钠铜矿,这在潮湿地区土壤环境出土的铜器中较为少见。此外,在另一件铜器表面锈蚀物中还发现疑似纳米SnO2成分。实验结果可对该批铜器的保护修复处理提供有力的理论依据和数据支持,并为深圳地区出土的其他青铜类文物的保护提供参考。     

移动搜索法在教育公共服务可达性评价中的改进与应用——以福州城区幼儿园为例

采用可变步长的两步移动搜索法,以福建省福州市为典型案例,以居民点（普查小区）为分析单元,对各居民点入园空间可达性进行了测算,并与传统的两步移动搜索法进行对比分析,综合判别学前教育资源空间分布特点。研究表明：福州城区入园可达性总体情况并不理想,仅有少数地区、少量人群可以获得较好的幼儿园空间的可达性。入园可达性在地理空间上呈现出多中心结构,高可达性地区主要分布在市中心并在城市周围零星分布,边缘乡镇特别是除西部以外的乡镇地区缺教明显,入园可达性在城区内部差异较大,幼儿园资源过剩地区和稀缺地区呈两极分化的格局。可变步长的两步移动搜索法能更为客观有效地对幼儿园的布局状况进行评价。而传统方法有一定的夸大作用,且降低了内部的差异,在一定程度上掩饰了幼儿园资源分布的不公平现象。     

基于供需视角的南京市养老设施空间匹配研究

平衡养老设施供需是构建适老型社会的重要工作。本文基于六普和七普分街道数据,系统分析了南京市养老设施的供给与需求空间特征,计算了养老设施的可达性,对其可达性与老年人口比例进行空间匹配分析,研究其供需状态。研究发现：①南京市人口老龄化程度在2010—2020年间迅速加深,老龄化程度由中心城区至郊区呈现“高—低—高”的圈层结构模式,且集聚态势在十年间有所增强。②养老设施在主城区分布较集中,其可达性由中心城区向外快速递减,不均衡分布状态较突出。③南京市中心城区和主城区的养老设施供需关系匹配度较好,郊区的养老设施供需关系匹配不协调。基于养老设施供需关系的分析与测量,可为南京市养老设施实现空间布局优化提供依据。