甘肃武威出土铜奔马铸造工艺初探

甘肃武威出土的东汉铜奔马和铜车马仪仗队是我国古代青铜艺术品中罕见的杰作,是中国众多文物中的代表和古老中华文明的一种象征。甘肃省博物馆通过现代科学仪器检测及综合分析发现:铜奔马和铜车马仪仗队都是陶范铸造法铸造而成,而不是失蜡法铸造的;铜奔马铸造时在铜质马腿内夹铸了卯榫状铁芯骨,以增强马腿的强度和支撑力;铜车马仪仗队中甲型马和刻有铭文的乙型马,是铸造工艺不同的两批制品。这些发现对进一步研究铜奔马及墓主人提供了新的材料。     

Dental evidence of biological affinity and environmental conditions in prehistoric Trentino (Italy) samples from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age

The use of teeth in anthropological analyses has always provided valuable information on the subsistence patterns of human communities, as well as the biological relationships among them. The present study analyses the permanent dentition of several diachronically continuing samples from the Trentino alpine region of Italy from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. The study of both metric and non‐metric dental traits show a strong level of homogeneity from the earlier to the later samples, indicating little external biological influence from surrounding areas. However, the evidence of oral pathology and linear enamel hypoplasia highlights a trend of increase in defects, particularly between the Neolithic and the Copper Age. This has been ascribed to a shift towards more intense agricultural activities and pastoralism, that led to a change in diet and to an increased sedentism. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广西民族博物馆馆藏十五面铜鼓合金成分及显微组织分析

为了解不同类型铜鼓合金成分及显微组织特征，使用扫描电镜、金相显微镜对广西民族博物馆馆藏15面铜鼓进行分析检测，并结合前人研究成果，讨论各类型铜鼓合金配比与铸造工艺特征。分析结果显示，石寨山型鼓为铜锡合金；北流型、冷水冲型与灵山型鼓为铜锡铅合金且铅锡含量较高，合金配比稳定；麻江型鼓锡含量均高，铅含量波动较大。显微组织观察显示，1面石寨山型鼓局部有滑移带及再结晶组织，2面麻江型鼓局部有滑移带，其余鼓全为铸态组织，α固溶体晶间分布(α+δ)共析体，皆有硫化物夹杂，多数存在数量不等的铅颗粒弥散或聚集分布，部分样品可见富铁相、氧化亚铜、自由铜颗粒。7面麻江型鼓均见较多缩松，位于样品截面中部。分析结果反映的不同类型铜鼓合金配比、夹杂物、铸造缺陷特征，可为铜鼓铸造技术研究提供基础资料。     

郑公大墓出土蟠螭纹铜鼎再保护修复前期研究

深圳博物馆藏郑公大墓出土蟠螭纹铜鼎入馆前已进行过保护修复处理，但保护修复记录资料缺失。现因年代久远，原保护修复材料老化和保存环境等因素的影响，又出现左右两足从原焊接处断裂、脱落，以及多处裂隙等病害，亟待再次保护修复处理，以恢复器物的完整性和稳定性，并提升展示效果。本工作利用X射线探伤、X射线荧光光谱、红外光谱和X射线衍射等分析方法，对该铜鼎的材质组成、制作工艺、早期修复材料、处理方法，以及病害情况等进行了综合分析。结果表明，该铜鼎本体材质为铜、锡、铅三元合金；器身遍布补配、焊接修复和随色作旧痕迹，且分布有多条裂隙。补配材料为黄铜片(口沿局部白色补配材料为混杂有钾明矾的石膏，且已酥粉);焊接材料为铅锡料；未发现氯元素。研究结果对进一步认知该文物的价值、科学评估其保存现状和病害程度，以及对其实施科学有效的再保护修复提供了参考。     

A new Bronze Age shipwreck with ingots in the west of Antalya—preliminary results

Archaeological underwater investigations in the coast of Mersin and Antalya districts of the Turkish Mediterranean have been carried out with the permission of the Ministry of Culture of Turkish Republic since 1999. Many shipwrecks, sunken settlements, port structures, ancient harbour facilities and other archaeological remains have been documented and lodged in the national archive. The most important discovery within the scope of our study in 2018 has been revealed at the boundaries of the Ancient Lycia-Lukka Region in Kumluca at the west coast of Antalya. It is a pleasure for us to announce that a new Bronze Age shipwreck has been discovered in the same waters as the Gelidonia and Uluburun shipwrecks excavated by George Bass and Cemal Pulak. This new shipwreck could probably be dated to 16-15th Century BC, earlier than the Gelidonia and Uluburun ships. The main part of the shipwreck consists of at least 73 pillow-type ingots (copper?) and at least 4 bun (pita) type ingots (copper or tin?). Pillow-type ingots are compatible with Buchholz / Bass Type 1 ingots, which are usually dated to 16th-15th century BC and rarely to 14th century BC. Part of the shipwreck cargo continues under the sand and the remaining part of it, probably including its anchor, is also under natural camouflage. In order to avoid damaging the in situ position of the shipwreck, no samples have yet been taken. The different findings observed under the sand and the part forming the main cargo were untouched.     

A case of frontal sinusitis from the Bronze Age site of Can Filuà (Barcelona)

In this study, we present a case of frontal sinusitus with exocranial fistulization in a specimen from the Chalcolithic–Bronze Age period. This is a rare complication of sinusitis, exceptional in paleopathological literature. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Iron age chronology and biblical history rejoinders: The late bronze/iron age transition,Tel ʿEton and Lachish

ABSTRACT

In this article, I review three recent articles. In the first, Asscher and Boaretto (2018 Asscher, Y. , and Boaretto, E. , 2018. ‘Absolute time ranges in the plateau of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition and the appearance of Bichrome pottery in Canaan, Southern Levant’, Radiocarbon 60, 1–25. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2017.96 [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]. ‘Absolute time ranges in the plateau of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition and the appearance of Bichrome pottery in Canaan, Southern Levant’, Radiocarbon 60, 1–25) suggest that the Late Bronze/Iron I transition occurred in neighboring sites a century and more apart. In the second, Faust and Sapir (2018. ‘The “Governor's Residency” at Tel ?Eton, the United Monarchy and the impact of the old-house effect on large-scale archaeological reconstructions’, Radiocarbon 60, 801–820.) date the construction of a solid building at Tel ?Eton to the tenth century bce and interpret this as validation for the historicity of the United Monarchy of ancient Israel. In the third, Garfinkel et al. (2019a Garfinkel, Y. , et al. , 2019a. ‘Lachish fortifications and state formation in the Biblical kingdom of Judah in light of radiometric datings’, Radiocarbon 61, 1–18. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.5 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. ‘Lachish fortifications and state formation in the Biblical kingdom of Judah in light of radiometric datings’, Radiocarbon 61, 1–18) announce the discovery of a city-wall belonging to Level V at Lachish, and affiliate it with the building operations of King Rehoboam of Judah, described in 2 Chronicles. Scrutiny of the methods and facts dismisses all three theories.