铜片除锈强度考察与缓蚀效果分析

在青铜器除锈过程中,既要除去有害锈及其他杂质,又不损伤青铜器原貌,这就需要掌握一定的度。本研究用失重法定量地考察了不同除锈法和不同除锈剂对铜钱的除锈强度。结果表明,物理除锈法与化学除锈法均有明显的失重率。化学除锈中,5%左右的冰醋酸有较高的除锈强度。采用不同组合的BTA缓蚀剂对铜片进行保护,通过Tafel曲线分析其保护效果,以1.5%浓度的BTA与2%H_2O_2的组合液缓蚀效果明显。经盐雾腐蚀试验对此结论进行了验证。     

东周时期青铜剑首同心圆的制作技术研究

东周时期盛行佩剑之风,在剑上集中了多项杰出的装饰技术,其中位于青铜剑首端部的同心圆装饰以其精湛的制作技术引起了科技史界的关注。剑首同心圆由多圈高同心度、高凸起、薄壁状凸棱组成。对东周时期的多件剑首同心圆的考察表明剑首同心圆应用了类似轮制法成形工艺,预先单独铸造成形,后与剑茎铸接成一体。通过对车削法、石范铸造、失蜡铸造、陶范铸造等剑首同心圆可能的成形方法的分析,推测古人很可能不预制陶模,而是用轮制法直接车制出具有同心圆的剑首陶范,以陶范铸造法铸造剑首同心圆,此法是东周时期最可行的成形方法．其基础是新石器时代已采用的轮制法制陶技术及商周时期成熟的陶范处理技术。通过模板轮制法的模拟试验．成功地复制了青铜剑首同心圆。其过程为配制极细的泥料、制作带齿的模板、采用轮制法制作同心圆陶范并在相应的凸棱上刻下绳纹、焙烧陶范与浇注青铜液。     

Analysis of faunal remains from the Kretuonas lake settlement

The Middle (Kretuonas 1B), Late Neolithic (Zemaitiške 1 and Zemaitiške 2) and Old Bronze Age (Kretuonas 1C) settlements near Kretuonas Lake (Svencioneliai district, Reskutenai village) yielded many artefacts of bone, antler, horn and teeth (750 in total). In the Kretuonas 1B assemblage, deer bones accounted for 50.5 per cent, elk bones 19.7 per cent and boar bones for 27.7 per cent of the total. In the Zemaitiške 1 and 2 settlements the respective portions were 27.7 and 62.0 per cent deer, 6.8 and 20.0 per cent elk and 10.1 per cent boar. In Kretuonas 1C the proportions were 10.9, 36.0 and 7.5 per cent respectively. In the Kretuonas 1B settlement 32 artefacts were identified, 16 from deer bone, four from elk and four from boar. In the Zemaitiške 2 settlement there were 114 artefacts of which 57 were identified to species. Of these, 39 were from deer, eight from elk and four from boar. Finally, in the Kretuonas 1C settlement, of the 531 artefacts found, 120 were identified to species and of these 49 were from deer, 44 from elk, nine from boar and nine from bear.     

东汉连弧纹镜考述

东汉“长宜子孙流云纹连弧纹镜”、“长宜子孙连弧纹镜”和“素面连弧纹镜”是在西汉连弧纹镜基础上逐渐衍生出的一种世俗化、平民化的镜种,它们基于各自的设计理念而展开,并在冶炼铸造和研磨技术上较西汉铜镜更为精湛华美。从出土的铜镜来看,镜体外表色相多数取决于制镜材料、工艺技术和墓室的小环境,与南北方大的气候、湿度并没有直接关系。     

Prometheus Unbound: Southern Caucasia in Prehistory

This paper examines the intellectual traditions and recent advances in the archaeology of the Bronze and Iron Ages of the South Caucasus. The first goal of the paper is to provide an account of the scholarly traditions that have oriented research in the region since the mid-nineteenth century. This discussion provides a detailed case study of an archaeological tradition that arose within the context of Russian and Soviet research—traditions still poorly understood within Western archaeology. Yet archaeology in the South Caucasus was strongly influenced by international research in neighboring southwest Asia, and thus the region’s intellectual currents often diverged from the debates and priorities that predominated in Moscow. The second goal of this paper is to outline the primary issues that orient contemporary work in the region from the Neolithic through the Urartian period. My interest here is both didactic and prognostic. While I am concerned to fairly represent the primary foci of contemporary regional scholarship, I also make an argument for a deeper investigation of the constitution of social life. Such studies are critical to the advancement of archaeology in the South Caucasus over the coming decade.     

青铜编钟起源的探讨

青铜编钟的起源若不梳理清楚,就难以论述明白青铜编钟的发展脉络。基于现有出土物和献记录,讨论了青铜编钟起源的若干问题,指出：青铜编钟可能滥觞于陶铃,其后陶寺铜铃的出现,为青铜编钟的产生发展奠定了一个重要的基点,而青铜编钟的真正起步是从晚商铜铙开始。对二里头铜铃至晚商铜铙之间存在的缺环,中提出了一种可能性的解释。有人认为南方铙是中原铙南传的结果,本工作则根据中原铙别于南方铙的出土成编等现象,提出了中原铙是借鉴南方铙发展而来的观点。对南方铙和中原铙之间差异、甬钟等的由来、青铜编钟的起源所反映的礼乐意义及其带给今人的启示等问题亦进行了探讨。     

望京楼遗址出土青铜器研究

望京楼遗址是夏商时期重要邑聚,为了解该遗址铜器制作工艺水平,通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜对2010~2012年新郑望京楼遗址出土的青铜器样品进行组织与成分分析和探讨。该批铜器未见青铜容器,仅有小件工具和兵器。但仍可初步反映出望京楼遗址出土的青铜器材质多样化和加工方式非单一性;对望京楼铜器分析反映出该区域使用锻打应该有了一定积累并在此基础上能依据材质和器物薄厚、尺寸选择工艺,对锻打技术认知度较高。望京楼铜器具有的原始性,应属于铜合金使用的早期阶段。研究表明,商代对于器物成分与性能关系的认识程度比之前得到提高。器物是本地制作还是外来还需要更多材料证明。     

LA-ICP-MS analysis of Late Bronze Age blue glass beads from Gurob,Egypt

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis was undertaken on 37 blue glass beads excavated from a tomb in the southern Faiyum region of northern Egypt. The tomb was undisturbed, contained the remains of seven females and two children, and dated between the reigns of Amenhotep I (1525–1504 bce ) and Tuthmosis III (1479–1425 bce ). The glass beads were coloured by copper and the trace element concentrations were compositionally consistent with glasses from Mesopotamia rather than from Egypt. Therefore, these glass beads represent a rare example of Mesopotamian glass to be discovered in Egypt, in addition to being some of the earliest glass found. Gurob is known to have been the site of a ‘harem palace' established in the reign of Tuthmosis III, the implication being that these beads represent luxury items transported to Egypt by high-ranking foreign women, possibly in connection with the harem palace.     

A Speleothem Record of Early British and Roman Mining at Charterhouse,Mendip, England

The laser ablation ICP–MS transect of a speleothem from GB Cave, close to Charterhouse, Mendip Hills, UK, records Pb variations over the past 5 ka. The speleothem record correlates well with the known historical record of lead mining in the district, the principal features of which include: the Roman lead mining peak; the Dark Ages cessation; gradual, episodic revival up to the late 16th century peak; the 17th century collapse and subsequent recovery; and the final short‐lived burst at the end of the 19th century. This correlation supports the assumption that the pre‐Roman lead record also derives from local mining. Thus, this record is the first example of quantifying ancient human mining activity through trace element signature of a speleothem. This record also provides the first solid evidence of significant pre‐Roman mining activity in the Charterhouse region, and the first solid dating of that activity. This pre‐Roman mining can be divided into three main peaks dated to 1800–1500 bc , 1100–800 bc and 350–0 bc .