Differential diagnosis and discussion of a large nasal neoplasm from a late Bronze Age Athenian male

An adult male from the late Bronze Age of Athens, Greece, was found to have a large neoplasm in the nasal cavity. The characteristics of the lesion suggest that it was an osteoma of the ethmoid. Secondary infections of the paranasal sinuses are present as a result of the tumour blocking the sinus drainage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers of Cis-Baikal, Siberia: An overview for the new century

The paper examines Middle Holocene hunter-gatherer adaptive strategies in the Baikal region of Siberia based on diverse data (radiocarbon, mortuary, geochemical, genetic, human osteological, and zooarchaeological) accumulated over the last 10–15 years. The new model emphasizes the cyclical nature of the long-term changes and recognizes similarities between the Early Neolithic and Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age cultures. The overall impression seems to be that change in the region was rapid rather than gradual. A number of interesting correlations between various cultural and environmental variables have been identified. During the Early Neolithic and Late Neolithic–Bronze Age, the spatial distributions of mortuary sites, open landscape, and good fisheries are all correlated and both intervals are coeval with periods of environmental stability. For the Early Neolithic two additional sets of correlated variables have been identified: (1) the uneven distribution of fish resources, uneven distribution of the human population, and cultural heterogeneity; and (2) poorer overall community health, more extensive male travel and heavier workloads, and higher reliance on fishing. For the Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age, the sets of correlated variables are somewhat different: (1) more even distribution of terrestrial game resources (herbivores), more even distribution of the human population, and cultural homogeneity; and (2) better overall community health, less travel and lighter workloads, more equitable distribution of labor between males and females, and higher reliance on game hunting. Viewed together, these patterns emphasize the much more dynamic pattern of hunter-gatherer cultural variability, temporally and spatially, compared to what was known before.     

殷周时期的“举族”及其相关问题

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美国Devcon铜质修补剂在修复青铜器中的应用

美国Devcon铜质修补剂,系用青铜粉作填充物,与性能优良的树脂及固化剂构成的双组分修补剂。树脂与固化剂调配方便,一经混合便产生放热式的化学固化反应。通过修复虢国墓等地的青铜器表明用这种修补剂修复青铜器效果颇佳,固化快,粘附力强;可塑性好,没有流淌和坍落的现象;坚韧性强,一般器表填补16h（夏季4h）后,便可锉磨,錾刻纹饰,是一种较理想的铜器修补剂。     

辽宁西丰县东沟遗址及墓葬发掘简报

2009年辽宁省文物考古研究所对西丰县东沟遗址和墓葬进行了发掘,共清理灰坑25个、灰沟4条、墓葬11座。遗址出土遗物有陶器、石器和铁器,其年代为战国至西汉初期。墓葬出土遗物有陶器和石器,依据墓葬形制及随葬器物组合等,推测其年代为春秋末至战国初。     

青铜器的X-荧光不破坏分析方法研究

不破坏分析法是文物保护和考古研究中最有希望的一种方法。X-荧光不破坏分析法已广泛用于多种合金的分析,但在国内把这种技术应用在古青铜的分析还不多,已发表的工作还是以放射源激发为主。由于放射源强度的限制,对小含量组分(例如含量为千分之一以下)分析还存在一定困难。X 射线管激发可进行小岔量组分的分析.但由于轫致辐射引起的高本底.影响了灵敏度的提高.采用 X-射线结合二次靶激发,通过对青铜标样的研究.以降低本底.提高方法灵敏度.并与放射源激发的结果进行了比较。     

四川博物院藏战国铜编钟饰金工艺的科学分析

为研究战国铜编钟饰金工艺,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线无损检测系统等分析仪器,对四川博物院藏战国铜编钟表面饰金纹饰的形态结构、成分和工艺特征等进行科学分析。形态特征显示:编钟表面有开槽,金丝填充于凹槽内,金丝表面存在明显间隙,部分金丝可见涂抹痕迹和边缘流挂痕迹,纹饰附近的基体上有金色颗粒残留。金丝表面未发现捶打或剪裁等加工痕迹,表明编钟装饰的金丝与传统错金工艺使用的金丝存在明显差异。金丝的成分分析结果显示:Au含量大于91.6%,Ag含量为1.0%~4.0%,Hg含量为0.5%~6.0%,且剖面可见大量孔隙结构。从金丝的形态特征和成分推测编钟采用了凹槽鎏金工艺进行装饰,开槽的目的是为了提高鎏金的附着力。此项工作不仅可为开展巴蜀地区青铜装饰工艺研究提供珍贵的数据支撑,也可为我国古代青铜装饰技法研究提供重要的实物资料。     

电磁法在三星堆遗址祭祀区中的探索与应用

自2019年12月,三星堆遗址启动全面的勘探工作,相继在祭祀区新发现6座祭祀坑,为制定科学的考古发掘及文物保护预案,需在考古发掘之前对地下文物有一定的了解。根据一号、二号坑出土物情况,以金属埋藏物为探测对象,使用地球物理勘探方法中的电磁法先期通过实验获取经验值,然后再对祭祀区进行详细探测,并与实际发掘结果比对,说明电磁法对青铜器探测具有一定的可行性,可为前期考古发掘提供重要的参考信息。     

殷墟四期晚段遗存年代窥观

史称武王克殷后,封纣子武庚、禄父,以续殷祀,令修行盘庚之政,殷民大说。其后武庚叛乱,周公再度东征,迁顽民。据此可知,自牧野之战至于成王时期,小屯一带仍有殷遗民居住。既然如此,在殷墟显然应该有西周初期文化遗存。50年前笔者即撰文提出,后冈圆葬坑     

Early Imports in the Late Bronze Age of South‐Western Iberia: The Bronze Ornaments of the Hypogea at Monte da Ramada 1 (Southern Portugal)

The composition and manufacture of Late Bronze Age metallic artefacts from funerary and domestic contexts of southern inland Portugal was studied. The prevailing trend comprises binary bronzes (10.3 ± 2.1 wt% Sn) showing deformed equiaxial grains, annealing twins and slip bands. The alloy composition is somewhat independent of artefact type, while the manufacture seems to rely on artefact function and the skilfulness of the metallurgist. The technological characteristics were linked with archaeological and chronological features, disclosing some artefacts of uncommon composition, such as low‐tin bronze bracelets (4.3–7.1 wt% Sn) associated with ornaments of exotic materials (glass and Egyptian faience beads, and also ostrich egg shell beads). The assemblage testifies to an archaic trade with the Mediterranean region before the establishment of the first Phoenician colonies on the southern Iberian coast.