六朝武昌城试掘简报

六朝武昌城位于湖北省鄂州市区中部,长江南岸。2000年,为配合古城遗址保护规划的实施,我们对古城遗址的南城垣进行了首次发掘,同时发掘清理北宋墓葬10座,六朝早期古水井1座。通过此次发掘,弄清了城墙的结构和建筑方法。墓葬中出土了陶瓷器、铜器、银器和铜钱30余件(枚);古水井中出土遗物丰富,以陶瓷器为主,数量达100多件。古墓葬和古水井的发现,为了解研究六朝武昌城的发展历史,提供了新的实物资料。     

湖北省天门市龙嘴遗址2005年发掘简报

2005年3-9月,在随州－岳阳高速公路建设中,湖北省文物考古研究所对龙嘴遗址进行了抢救性发掘,新发现一座油子岭文化时期的古城,揭示出同时期的其它各类遗迹97个,出土丰富的陶器、石器、玉器和稻壳等遗物。龙嘴遗址是湖北境内迄今发现最早的新石器时代古城遗址,其文化内涵较单纯,主要为油子岭文化遗存。龙嘴古城的发现,对研究汉水流域乃至长江流域城址的起源、分布规律具有重要意义。     

Recovery of a lost wall painting at the Etruscan Tomb of the Blue Demons in Tarquinia (Viterbo,Italy) by multispectral reflectometry and UV fluorescence imaging

This paper presents the results of a multispectral reflectometry and ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence study on the entrance wall of the Tomb of the Blue Demons in the Necropolis of Monterozzi (450–430 bc ) in Tarquinia (Viterbo, Italy), which is a UNESCO site. The technique is based on the acquisition of a multispectral set ranging from 10 to 25 images, acquired at wavelengths between 370 and 1120 nm, with a spectral width of 50 nm per image, using both halogen lamps for visible and infrared images and high‐purity UV diodes for fluorescence. Blind‐source separation algorithms were then applied to the whole image set to extract from the resulting images the details not otherwise visible in the single spectral images. The multispectral technique presented was tested and improved upon over the last decade on ancient Etruscan and Roman wall paintings and, because of its quickness and cost‐effectiveness, it can now be proposed as a powerful tool for the study of poorly conserved archaeological wall paintings and a preliminary diagnostic survey before any future conservation intervention on them.     

Characterization of ancient building lime mortars of Anhui province,China: A multi-analytical approach

The characterization of lime mortars has become of primary importance in order to obtain information about the raw ingredients and building technology of ancient masonry structures. Five different samples from Anhui province, China, representing two types of lime mortar-based materials: joint mortars between the bricks of the city wall and lime mortar sealing a tomb coffin, were collected for analysis. Archaeological information about the samples was reported and studies into the microtextural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint lime mortars between the bricks of city walls, including Mingzhongdu city wall, Mingzhongdu Xihua gate foundation, Zhengyangguan city wall and She county city wall, were found to be aerial lime mortars. The lime mortar from Nanling Tieguai Song dynasty tomb was analysed and found to be a pozzolanic mortar consisting of lime, clay, sand and cocciopesto-like materials. The analytical results serve as a critical reference for the maintenance and restoration of ancient city walls in Anhui province, and as a starting point for searching for ancient Chinese pozzolanic mortars and technology for making those mortars.     

论中国城墙的起源

中国的城墙起源于原始社会后期,即龙山文化时代。它是由壕沟演变而来的防御工程,并逐渐代替壕沟而成为城市防御的主要手段。
经过夏、商两代的发展,西周时代已普遍筑城,城和国已成为同义词。而且筑城技术也发展到一个新的高度,与今天的筑城方法十分相似。
城和市都兴起很早,二者之间也没有关系。由于西周时代城内设市,就出现了中国早期的城市。"城市"一词起源于战国,即设市之城邑谓之城市。     

安徽繁昌明城砖窑址调查报告

1998～1999年南京市明城垣史博物馆对安徽省繁昌县明代采石场及城砖烧制遗址进行了实地调查,为深入研究明代城砖烧制技术、城砖运输等问题提供了可贵的资料。     

明南京城墙设计思想探微

文章认为明代南京城墙的平面为“南斗星”与“北斗星”的聚合形态,这一形式是朱元璋、刘基等人在明初各种主、客观条件的影响和制约下确立的。     

Representations of birds in Minoan art

During the second millennium BC , the Minoan civilization was established in the southern Aegean Sea. In Minoan art, especially on Crete, birds occupied a prominent place, and were often represented in wall-paintings and craft objects. Species still occurring on the island, such as cormorants, mallards, cuckoos, owls, hoopoes, and swallows, as well as exotic taxa such as partridges and possible domestic forms such as pigeons, were the subject of artistic inspiration, and they were depicted not only in purely cult contexts, but also in the backgrounds of naturalistic landscapes. The aim of this paper is to reconsider the identification of some of the birds depicted and to discuss them in the context of the environmental conditions and osteological finds from the southern Aegean islands in Minoan times. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浙江诸暨牌头六朝墓的发掘

诸暨牌头镇六朝古墓葬的发掘,出土了一批精美的六朝青瓷器,特别是诸牌水M2发现了南朝“永初年宣”4字模印墓砖,为六朝墓葬的分期断代提供了重要的实物资料。     

几种有机硅材料在南京城砖防护上的应用研究

南京将建成首家六朝博物馆,因此需要原址保护当时的城墙遗址.为隔断地下水,采取了帷幕注浆等止水措施.由于长期浸泡于水中加剧了城墙表面风化现象,因此为验证化学材料保护城砖的可能性,首先取样进行实验室研究,其中选择了氟硅类(S130)、聚硅氧烷类(派力克)和短链烷基硅氧烷类(甲基三甲氧基硅烷)三种有机硅材料作为城墙保护试验对象.试验项目包括对比样品整体浸泡渗透前后外观状态、接触角、吸水、透气性能、耐久性能的变化以及样品局部浸泡渗透前后外观状态与质量的变化.结果表明,经派力克和甲基三甲氧基硅烷保护后的样品各项性能相对较好,而亲水/憎水界面对试块影响程度与试块自身特性有关.这两种材料可尝试作为城墙的化学防风化保护材料,但还必须经过现场试验进行验证.