浙江农民的流动交易方式与其经济现代化——以浙江省义乌市后乐村为个案

通常的现代化命题对中国农村现代化的定位是外生现代化类型,因此外来模式和制度的引进、外部资金和技术的输入是至关重要的。但是后乐村的经济发展实践却展示了另外一种图景:后乐村的经济现代化是在流动交易的不断转换中实现的,流动的交易方式与后乐村的经济现代化之间存在紧密的逻辑关系。这种关系表明,流动的交易方式是一种现代化的内生因素,后乐村的经济发展是流动的交易方式作为一种特殊的文化资本进行双重再生产的结果。     

从曹魏都城建设与北方运河开凿看曹操的历史功绩

古代都城是古代国家的历史缩影。通过曹操父子营筑的邺城和曹魏洛阳城的考古发现与研究,以及与北魏洛阳城、隋唐长安城和洛阳城及辽金元明清都城布局形制对比,揭示出曹操所开创的都城制度对中国古代都城发展的重要影响。曹操营建的邺城,对此后中国古代政治中心东移、北移,起到了奠基性历史作用。中国古代运河是政治之河、军事之河、经济之河,是中华民族发展之河。曹操开凿的黄河以北白沟、平虏渠、泉州渠等运河,以及隋唐时代以此为基础开凿的北方隋唐大运河,极大地加强了中原与北方的联系,促进了多民族的融合,巩固了国家的统一,奠定了中古时代以后中华民族的进一步融合与全面发展,这是曹操的另一重大历史功绩。     

政府在投资农村社会资本中的角色定位及路径选择

本文主要探讨政府在投资农村社会资本中的角色定位及其作用路径。在投资农村社会资本的过程中,政府可以通过完善村民自治制度、培育和扶持农村民间组织、加强农村教育和培训力度等途径向农村投资社会资本,增加农村社会资本存量。     

郑州商城相关问题研究——纪念郑州商代遗址发现60周年

1950年发现了郑州商代遗址,1955年在遗址中部发现了闻名中外的郑州商城.揭示了商代前期的文化面貌,为探索夏文化打下了基础.郑州商城始建于二里岗下层一期晚段,距今约3500年,后为仲丁之隞都.     

Economic fears of mass migration from southern Italy in early twentieth century America

ABSTRACT

Economic fears in the early twentieth century America about Italian immigration united trade unions and white collar workers and were motivated by reasons that ranged from the belief that migrants were disrupting the labour market and were temporary opportunist earners, unwilling to integrate and living in isolated communities, to the idea that southern Italians did not offer sufficient human capital: they were mainly illiterate, and had high dropout rates in schools, and were widely believed to have children with mental disabilities. These American fears were wildly overstated, however. First, Southern Italian migrants had to undergo a two-stage positive selection for literacy, while, secondly only 28.4 per cent of the massive incoming flow of Italians decided to stay; most Italian immigrants chose to return to their country of origin and the minority who remained did not delay long to join in the American melting pot.     

Class,capital, and identity in Australian society

Despite a comparatively ‘flat’ social structure and lack of obvious class-based cleavages, Australian society is stratified by objective, multidimensional measures of social class. Using data from a July 2015 survey of a random sample of Australian citizens, latent class analysis identifies six class types in Australian society, based on the distributions of cultural, social, and economic capital among respondents. The resulting classes are categorised as ‘precariat’, ‘ageing workers’, ‘new workers’, ‘mobile middle’, ‘emerging affluent’, and ‘established affluent’. The precariat is characterised by high numbers of retired pensioners, the ageing worker class the highest mean age, and the new worker class by its low rate of unemployment. The established middle class accounts for one quarter of the adult population, while the emergent affluent class has the youngest mean age, and the established affluent is the most advantaged. We also show Australians are acutely aware of their class identity.     

The unheard voices of youth in urban planning: using social capital as a theoretical lens in Sunshine Coast,Australia

Despite the imperative that youth voices should contribute to shaping their future world, there is limited evidence of youth agency and participation which articulates their unique experience of community in urban planning decision-making. This study uses the lens of social capital to compare perspectives of community between young people aged 15–17 years and adults in a suburban community on the Sunshine Coast, South East Queensland, Australia. The results, derived from both quantitative and qualitative methods, illustrate the different experiences of community between youth and adults and suggest how urban planners and decision-makers can incorporate youth-friendly responses to address issues of power inequality between youth and adult residents and mechanisms to engage adult residents through collaborative governance approaches.     

Linking Gentrification and Labour Market Precarity in the Contemporary City: A Framework for Analysis

The interplay between intensifying labour market precarity and gentrification constitutes a hitherto under‐researched topic in the fields of labour and urban geography. To rectify this lacuna, we argue that gentrification and labour flexibilisation are both socio‐spatial manifestations of capital's efforts to confront crises of accumulation. Distinguishing between what we call “weak” and “strong” links between them, and drawing upon the concepts of “gentrification‐supporting” and “gentrification‐fostered” labour flexibility, we outline a framework for connecting gentrification and precarity. This allows us to make links between the restructuring of the built environment and the reorganisation of work in the post‐industrial city; it also allows us to show how workers, through their agency, can shape rent gaps in the contemporary city.     

Analyzing entangled territorialities and Indigenous use of maps: Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok (Quebec,Canada) dynamics of territorial negotiations,frictions, and creativity

This paper highlights the relevance of analyzing entangled territorialities and Indigenous use of maps in order to better understand what Lévy describes in terms of “spatial capital”—the socio-economic dynamics and power relationships maintained and negotiated between the stakeholders interacting within the Indigenous forestland. More specifically, it discusses the entanglement dynamics of land tenures coexisting today within Nitaskinan, the ancestral territory claimed by the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok. Within Nitaskinan, members of the First Nation negotiate the continuity of their practices, occupation, and use of ancestral hunting territories with state institutions, logging companies, and non-Indigenous members of civil society who have interests in the land resources. All these stakeholders implement different territorial regimes that interact and sometimes conflict. Based on concrete ethnographic examples, the analysis presented here focuses on the compromises, frictions, resistance, and creativity that are part of territorial coexistence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.     

Divided we fall? The effect of manufacturing decline on the social capital of US communities

What happens to local communities when manufacturing disappears? I examine changes in associational density over nearly two decades as a proxy for social capital in US labor markets. Exploiting plausibly exogenous trade-induced shocks to local manufacturing activity, I test whether deindustrialization is associated with greater or lower organizational membership. I uncover a robust negative relationship between the two variables, particularly acute in rural and mostly-White areas. My findings, however, are sensitive to measurement: There are no clearly discernible effects of deindustrialization on social capital when I consider alternative proxies for the outcome. To reconcile these results, I present evidence suggesting that economic adversity may induce a qualitative, rather than quantitative, change in social capital.