The “local/outsider problem” among Chinese communist party cadres during the early period of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression: a case study focusing on the Taihang Base Area

During the Chinese War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Taihang Base Area was one of the most important bases established by the Chinese Communist Party behind the enemy lines in northern China. During the early period of the war, the base areas were impacted by both the outside character of the Party organization and the larger United Front environment. Many cadres in the Taihang Base Area came from other locations. In Shanxi Province, the existence of the Sacrifice League and the unusual configuration of the United Front produced scattered but widespread “local/outsider” contradictions within the cadre ranks. In response to this, local Party organizations promoted political integration through a variety of means and gradually brought these contradictions under control. However, because of the aggressive efforts of the Central Shanxi Special Committee to integrate the Sacrifice League into the Party, a severe conflict emerged between the Central Shanxi Special Committee, which represented outside forces, and the Sacrifice League, which represented local forces. Through the intervention of the Eighth Route Army and the Northern Bureau, the Chinese Communist Party Hebei–Henan–Shanxi Provincial Committee resolved the problem through high-profile criticism and low-profile measures, thus promoting progress toward integration.     

Seismic Tests and Numerical Modeling of a Rolling-ball Isolation System

For the seismic isolation of light structures, the use of laminated rubber bearings is neither economical nor, for most cases, technically suited. For the isolation of this type of structure a new system, consisting of steel balls rolling on rubber tracks, has been developed at TARRC (Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre).

This article presents the results of experimental tests carried out for the characterization of the behavior of this new device. A numerical model is also proposed that can be used to assess the seismic response of structures with this isolation system.

Comparison of the predictions of the numerical model with the experimental data shows that the model is adequate to perform the correct assessment of the seismic response of isolated structures. The results of the experimental campaign of shaking-table tests, as well as the numerical simulations, show that there is an effective reduction of the acceleration levels induced in the isolated structures.     

Evaluation of Approaches to Characterize Seismic Isolation Systems for Design

Current design codes generally use an equivalent linear approach for preliminary design of a seismic isolation system. The equivalent linear approach is based on effective parameters, rather than physical parameters of the system, and may not accurately account for the nonlinearity of the isolation system. This article evaluates an alternative normalized strength characterization against the equivalent linear characterization. Considerations for evaluation include: (1) ability to effectively account for variations in ground motion intensity; (2) ability to effectively describe the energy dissipation capacity of the isolation system; and (3) conducive to developing design equations that can be implemented within a code framework.     

Parametric Sensitivity of Ground Motion Pulse Filter for Response Control of Base-Isolated Buildings

Recently, the authors have proposed ground motion pulse filters for designing effective active and semi-active controllers for base-isolated structures subject to near-field earthquakes. The controller design is realized by augmenting the structural system equation with state-space model of the pulse filter. It has been observed that the resulting controllers are capable of simultaneously reducing peak values of base displacement, superstructure drift, and accelerations of the base and the superstructure simultaneously within practical range of control forces. Since the pulse model depends on ground pulse period, ground pulse decay factor, and the pulse shape factor, a parametric sensitivity analysis is carried out to find pulse parameters for a broad range of earthquakes. It is found that the performance of the controller doesn't vary significantly if the pulse period is underestimated by 50% or overestimated by 20% with respect to the actual ground pulse period, the ground decay factor is between 0.15 and 0.35 and the pulse shape factor is between 1 and 3.     

Numerical Assessment of Frictional Heating in Sliding Bearings for Seismic Isolation

This article proposes a numerical investigation of the frictional heating developed in sliding bearings under high velocities and the influence of the relevant temperature rise on the mechanical characteristics of the device. A three-dimensional finite element model of the bearing is created and frictional heat generation is modelled through a thermal source inserted at the sliding surface of the bearing, with intensity dependent on the coefficient of friction, the contact pressure and the velocity. The friction value is adjusted step-by-step on surface temperature and velocity and used to update the thermal flux and the resisting force developed by the bearing. The numerical predictions of temperature histories and force–displacement loops are compared with the results of laboratory tests to validate the numerical approach. The procedure can help in preliminary studies for the selection of bearing materials accounting for their thermal stability and for the estimation of change of design properties of sliding isolation bearings due to frictional heating.     

闽西土地改革运动述评

全国解放后 ,闽西老革命根据地的土地问题特别突出。到土地改革前 ,这里存在着全国绝无仅有的土地占有情况。本文通过分析闽西五种不同类型地区的土地占有状况 ,得出制定有别于一般老区和新解放区的特殊土改政策的依据 ,阐述闽西老革命根据地土改政策的制定过程、具体做法 ,并总结土改所取得的成就 ,讴歌新中国土地改革的伟大意义。     

Investigation of the Consequences of Mounting Laying Defects for Curved Surface Slider Devices under General Seismic Input

Experimental studies performed on friction-based isolators have shown widely sparse frictional response, as direct effect of intrinsic properties of the devices and the vertical load variation. Moreover, in practical applications mounting laying defects consisting of uneven inclinations of the sliding surfaces with respect to the horizontal plane have been recognized as a potential cause of deviation from the response assumed in the design phase. In this paper mono and biaxial motions of a base-isolated RC building have been investigated; the aim of the work is to identify the effects of both laying defects and friction variation on the seismic response.     

浅论苏区文化建设

中国共产党一贯重视文化建设。早在民主革命时期,党就在苏区根据地建立了专门的文化教育组织机构,颁布了一系列方针政策,尤其是在知识分子政策上纠正了"左"倾关门主义错误,广泛吸收利用知识分子。由此,苏区的文化教育事业蒸蒸日上,取得了令人瞩目的辉煌成就。     

REPEATABLE DYNAMIC RELEASE TESTS ON A BASE-ISOLATED BUILDING

The main activities and the relevant results of an experimental program aimed at evaluating the dynamic characteristics of a large seismically isolated building are described. The building is situated in Potenza (Italy) and is the largest of five seismically isolated blocks of the University of Basilicata. Cyclic shear tests on scaled isolators and some small amplitude free vibration tests were preliminarily carried out. The latter ones were aimed at getting a preliminary linear characterisation of the structure. Finally, many in situ release tests on the isolated structure were carried out, using a mechanical device purposely designed to statically move the building and then suddenly release it, thus making it vibrate freely. The variations of the dynamic characteristics of the system while the oscillation amplitude decreases have been evaluated by using the “Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)”. The results were elaborated in terms of stiffness and equivalent damping and compared to the results of the laboratory tests on scaled isolators, finding an excellent agreement.     

SEISMIC DESIGN OF BASE-ISOLATED STRUCTURES USING CONSTANT STRENGTH SPECTRA

This paper presents the concept of constant strength design spectra for the design of base-isolated structures; particularly those structures using isolators with a bilinear hys-teretic behaviour when subjected to dynamic loading. The constant strength design spectra relate peak accelerations, velocities, displacements and effective isolated natural periods for bilinear systems with a given yield strength and post yield stiffness. Constant strength design spectra could be useful for the design of base isolators with bilinear hysteretic behaviour, as these devices can be designed for fixed yield strength and post yield stiffness. The concept of constant strength design spectra and its application for the design of base isolated structures is illustrated with case studies of specific structures.