中国远征军上校团长沈开元印缅抗日纪实

沈开元,贵州平坝县人,1935年考入黄埔成都军校第十六期,历任税警总团排长、连长,缉私总队营长,中国远征军第38师112团长等职,后任军事教员。     

A Lone Islet or A Center of Communications? Shanghai in the Indian National Army Movement

Students of modem Chinese history,and modern Shanghai history in particular,tend to view Shanghai as having been a lone islet during the Pacific War,when it was cut off from other parts of the world.This article,however,argues that Shanghai was still well connected to areas under the control of the Japanese throughout the war.Using the Sikh community in Shanghai as a case,it demonstrates how the Indian National Army used both a Japanese-initiated military highway and the long-existing Indian diasporic network in Southeast and East Asia to facilitate a certain kind of mobilization.It further sheds light on how the Sikhs in Shanghai were influenced by and responded to the Indian National Army's endeavors.     

基于脂肪酸同位素技术的秦俑彩绘胶结材料研究

本研究尝试对秦始皇帝陵二号坑出土陶俑彩绘残块中的有机胶结材料具体来源进行判别。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对彩绘颜料层中提取到的有机质进行分析。结果表明其中主要成分为脂肪酸及其氧化产物。在此基础上,结合脂肪酸同位素分析技术,获取了提取物中的硬脂酸和棕榈酸的碳同位素比值,其结果指向反刍类动物来源。进一步结合文献资料,推测秦俑应采用了牛胶作为彩绘颜料的胶结剂。在实验过程中,通过引入不同萃取方式,即超临界流体萃取和传统总脂质提取方法对同一样品进行提取效果对比。结果显示与传统萃取法相比,超临界萃取法提取效率更高,提取到的组分更为丰富。因其具有流程精简、耗时短、化学污染少等优点,可能对珍贵考古样品的提取更具有优势。脂肪酸同位素分析技术在秦俑彩绘胶结材料中的成功应用,表明其作为一种行之有效的手段,在未来考古有机残留物的研究中有极大的应用潜力。     

From Camels to Cats: Experimenting with Medicine in the Australian Flying Corps

As a nascent air force, the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) relied largely upon other services for medical evaluation of its personnel. In 1918, however, the AFC experimented with a dedicated medical board to gauge the suitability of recruits and convalescents as aircrew. This article examines the formation of the AFC’s Medical Board, which was paired with another innovation: laboratory research. Conducted by the board’s head, Charles Kellaway, animal studies into anoxaemia were intended to provide a means of determining suitability of aviators for high-altitude flight. In matching data derived from cats with front-line service conditions, Kellaway sought to enshrine a particular type of ‘steady’ man to conquer the novel realm of airspace.     

‘our children have only known war’: children's experiences and the uses of childhood in northern uganda

This article describes the situation of children forcibly abducted by the rebel Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda. The involvement of children complicates efforts to end rebellion, and particular notions of childhood circulate through government and aid agencies to affect children's ‘rehabilitation’. This paper examines national, ethnic, and generational causes of the conflict, discussing the ways in which normative and ideal concepts of childhood are employed by different players. Through a situated analysis of children's circumstances, I suggest the need for interlocutors to re-evaluate their goals and methods of assisting war-affected children.     

The Art of Hunger: Self-Starvation in the Red Army Faction

The founding generation of the Red Army Faction (RAF), a WestGerman terrorist group, spent two frenzied years in the undergroundfollowed by five years in prison, culminating with the suicidesof the group's leaders in 1976 and 1977. This paper examinesthe prison hunger strikes of the RAF as structured acts of communicationthat together with accompanying texts were central to a sustainedmedia campaign run from within prison. It examines the internaland external prison communication networks established to enablethe coordination of the strikes as well as the discursive functionsof the self-starvation of the RAF members. Within the prisonsystem hunger was constructed as ‘holy’ and ascribeda pseudo-religious function used to support a group identityand maintain an internal group discipline. In the texts producedfor publication beyond the prison walls, however, hunger becamea central element in the RAF strategy to counter what it sawas a mainstream medicalization of terrorism. This, in turn,was the tool employed to repackage the group's established rhetoric,as self-starvation allowed RAF prisoners to literally embodytheir long-standing ‘anti-fascism’ and ‘anti-imperialism’.