基于时间可达性的城市吸引范围演变研究——以南京都市圈为例

本文运用场强模型,在时间可达性的基础上,研究了在不考虑权重和考虑权重两种情况下,南京都市圈城市吸引范围的演变,在此基础上提出了南京都市圈的发展建议。得出的结论如下:1城市的吸引范围与行政区范围不完全一致,城市吸引范围扩展至江北的沿江城市有芜湖和镇江。2不考虑权重的情况下,南京、芜湖的吸引范围总体增长,扬州、镇江、巢湖、滁州、马鞍山的城市吸引范围总体下降,淮安的城市吸引范围变化不大。3考虑权重的情况下,南京和芜湖的城市吸引范围上升,淮安、镇江、巢湖的城市吸引范围下降,扬州、滁州、马鞍山的城市吸引范围波动下降。南京的城市吸引范围占南京都市圈的绝对优势。4建议芜湖、马鞍山等沿江城市进一步完善过江通道,实现沿江城市的跨江发展;通过加快交通建设和淡化行政界限,增强城市间联系;根据城市吸引范围调整行政区划,如拆分巢湖并入芜湖、马鞍山等城市,句容并入南京市。     

Tunnel engineering in the Iron Age: geoarchaeology of the Siloam Tunnel,Jerusalem

The Siloam Tunnel (ST) is the best-identified biblical structure that can be entered today. We use geological, structural, and chemical features of ST and its internal deposits to show that it is an authentic engineering project, without any pre-existing natural conduit that could have guided its excavators. Radiometrically and historically dated to ∼700 BCE, ST pinpoints the technological advance in leveling techniques that was essential for the construction of such a long tunnel without intermediate shafts. A combination of geological and archaeological evidence demonstrates that the circuitous route of ST and the final meeting of the two excavating teams are associated with continuous modifications of the plan to allow acoustic communication between hewers and the surface teams. Hydraulic plaster was applied throughout the tunnel in order to seal voids of dissolution and tectonic origin. Organic material accidentally entrapped in the plaster was carbon 14 dated, and speleothems were dated by U–Th, both corroborating the historic and epigraphic evidence ascribing the engineering advance in tunneling techniques to the Judahite King Hezekiah.     

Stable isotope evidence for palaeodiets in southern Turkmenistan during Historical period and Iron Age

The subsistence patterns of Iron Age and Historical period humans from south-western Turkmenistan have been reconstructed using the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of archaeological faunal and human bones. A qualitative comparison of the isotopic signatures points to a small proportion of ruminant meat and dairy in human diet for both periods. The ranges of proportions of dietary items yielded by a quantitative approach based on concentration dependent mixing models confirm the high proportions of plant food in the average diet, and show little change in the reconstructed diet for both periods. A comparison of results from zooarchaeological and isotopic approaches illustrates their complementarity in subsistence patterns reconstruction.     

“The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly”: evaluating the radiocarbon chronology of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic in the Enisei River valley,south-central Siberia

The ¹⁴C record for the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia has remained largely unevaluated and includes good, bad, and ugly dates. Too often researchers accept either all published dates or only those dates that tend to support proposed chronological hypotheses, regardless of sample quality and association. This article systematically evaluates all published ¹⁴C dates (including several newly obtained AMS dates) from middle and late Upper Paleolithic sites in the Enisei River valley of south-central Siberia to establish a reliable chronology for the region and address the tempo of modern human dispersals in Siberia during late Pleistocene times. The revised chronology indicates humans were present before and after the Last Glacial Maximum, but absent during this climatic event. Results also suggest that human population in the region may have increased during the Oldest Dryas.     

Archaeological collagen: Why worry about collagen diagenesis?

DNA appears to decay by random chain scission resulting in a predictable range of fragment lengths. Collagen decay has also been modelled in this same way, although it has become increasingly evident that collagen decay does not follow this same pattern. Radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis now use ultra-filtration to isolate large fragments (>30% of original polymer length) even in Pleistocene bone. How then does collagen decay? This study contrasts experimentally degraded samples with collagen extracted from forensic, archaeological and fossil bone. In experimentally degraded bone, values for amino acid and elemental (C:N) composition, bulk δ ¹³C, δ ¹⁵N, and aspartic acid racemisation (AAR) changed very little until 99% of the collagen was lost, suggesting that the collagen triple helix and polypeptide chains remained remarkably intact. This suggestion was demonstrated directly by examining the integrity of individual polypeptide chains using cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. In ancient samples, AAR values remain remarkably stable and the pattern of CNBr-cleavage was only replaced with a smear of smaller polypeptides in the oldest (Pleistocene) bones investigated. Smearing may reflect both modification of the methionine resides (the sites of CNBr-cleavage) and/or partial hydrolysis of the collagen molecule. The findings reveal why it is not usually necessary to worry about collagen diagenesis; it is mostly intact. However, evidence of partial deterioration of the oldest bone samples suggests that alternative purification strategies may increase yields in some samples.     

香港地区博物馆的运作

香港地区博物馆的运作具有组织架构一体化、陈列展览现代化、展品来源社会化、推广活动网络化、服务设施人性化等特点,为内地博物馆的运作提供了参考。     

放射性碳素测定年代报告(三四)

本报告发表的是中国社会科学院考古研究所考古科技实验研究中心碳十四实验室在2006年到2007年期间测定的30个考古数据。数据表示方式同此前所发报告。为方便应用另做几点说明如下。1.碳十四年代半衰期按5568年计算。2.校正年代所用程序为OxCal,校正曲线为1998年公布版本。3.与以往报告相同,所给年代误差范围均为±16,年代范围的概率分布为68.2%。4.由于树轮年代校正曲线各区段形状不同,校     

《文章辨体》与《文体明辨》的歌行与乐府研究

《文章辨体》和《文体明辨》是朗代两部有一定规模的诗文选集,它们改变以往诗歌选本的作法,把歌行体从乐府诗中分离出来,并从题目、声调和语言等方面对它们的区别进行了深入的研究。     

江苏南部旧石器调查报告

1999～2001年间在江苏南部分别调查了句容、金坛、高淳等6市县旧石器地点16处,采集100余件石制品,类型有石核、石锤、砍砸器、镐、石球、尖刃器等。初步研究表明,石制品均出自下蜀黄土中,地质时代大约为中更新世中晚期,即旧石器时代早期。石器工业的性质与邻近的安徽水阳江流域旧石器十分接近,属于中国南方砾石石器——砍砸器传统。