再论郑州商城的年代、性质及相关问题

郑州商城为商代前期王都 ,始建于二里岗下层一期晚段 ,距今约 35 0 0年 ,后为仲丁之都。偃师商城为商灭夏之后所建最早之都城 ,始建于二里头文化四期 ,距今约 36 0 0年 ,为汤都西亳 ,亦为夏商文化分界惟一的界标     

唐后期陇右失陷与京畿安全危机述略

在唐朝前期,黄河中下游的富庶农耕区和陇右东部可以养育马匹的半农半牧区,犹如国家强盛的左右臂膀。及至"安史之乱"后,吐蕃攻占陇右,唐之右臂断绝;河北与江淮间藩镇割据抗命,唐之左膀近乎瘫痪,帝国雄强气象,无由再振。从军事地理角度观察,陇右失陷对唐后期京畿安全的直接影响是关中暴露,京城危迫;党项部落东徙,扰攘关中十余年。间接影响是陇右的监牧丧失导致"马政"剧衰,若干羁縻府州及其部落兵损失,致使唐朝骑兵软弱,军力下降,综合国力严重削弱。而唐朝保卫京畿,缓解危机的重大措施,就是将关内道的军防重心从北面转到西面,即建立起京西、京北八镇军防新体系,阻遏戎寇,历经80余年顽强抗御,终使关中免沦左衽。     

20世纪50年代基本建设投资的前提和结构

20世纪50年代,我国内地基本建设投资的前提是:生产力水平低下,人均产值低;资金紧缺,但资产相对集中;西方国家对我国实行经济封锁;我国确立了优先发展重工业的工业化方针.通过对我国经济建设投资的产业结构、区域布局、项目结构、主体结构的分析,我们可以得到几点启示:投资管理体制的变化要适应生产力发展的要求;建设规模不能超过国力许可的范围,急于求成必将适得其反;综合平衡应从短线出发.     

郑州商城隞都说与郑亳说合理性比较研究

郑州商城隞都说与郑亳说合理与否的关键,主要取决于郑州商城的始建年代、文献记载的地望、周围环境和学术体系等四个方面.比较双方论据的结果显示,郑州商城隞都说比郑亳说更具合理性.     

唐代长安、洛阳作为都城和陪都的气候原因

本文从气候角度探讨唐代以长安为都城、以洛阳为陪都的缘由。唐代由于气候温暖湿润,降水量增大,水灾增多。洛阳因为经度地带性作用、降雨季节分配不均及洛阳河流的特殊情况。使得水灾情况比长安更严重：一是降水量大、水灾次数多,二是水势大、灾情重。尽管唐政府注意治水修堤坝,但中桥被冲毁、雨水断路乃至宫城被淹之事仍屡屡发生。长安虽然旱灾较洛阳严重,但水灾对都城的危害更直接、更严重,灭顶之灾的威胁使洛阳不宜作都城,所以建都长安。     

The geography of venture capital investments in the UK

The role of venture capital in economic development increasingly is recognized as central to the development of an entrepreneurial economy. However, the supply of venture capital is not distributed evenly across the space economy. In the UK, evidence for the 1980s demonstrated that venture capital investments were highly concentrated in Greater London and the South East, reinforcing the existing patterns of regional concentration of economic activity. This paper reviews the regional distribution of venture capital investments in the UK in the 1990s, a period of massive growth in venture capital investment activity. It concludes that the regional concentration of venture capital investment has been considerably reduced since the 1980s. However, more detailed analysis of the data demonstrates that this shift towards a less unequal regional distribution has been driven by so–called 'merchant' venture capital – investments in large–scale management buy–outs and buy–ins which facilitate corporate restructuring through ownership change and often have adverse consequences for employment. 'Classic' venture capital – investments in young entrepreneurial companies with high growth potential – remains highly concentrated in London and the South East, and also in Scotland. This reflects both supply– and demand–side factors. The Government's new regional venture capital funds are unlikely to be effective in closing this regional finance gap. An alternative approach to intervention, in the context of the increasing globalization of venture capital investments, is to seek to attract venture capital money and expertise from elsewhere.     

建国初期湖北没收官僚资本的措施及成效

解放前,湖北官僚资本企业遍及电力、化工、纺织、机械、炼油、印刷、军工、公用等工业各行业,主宰湖北经济命脉。从湖北解放至1952年,湖北军管会采取种种举措,彻底没收了在鄂的全部官僚资本,并建立了社会主义国家银行、国营工商业等国营经济,奠定了湖北的社会主义经济基础。     

中国共产党关于官僚资本的内涵及其演变

中国共产党对官僚资本内涵的界定,经历了从当初特指清朝洋务派和北洋军阀时期的官办企业到专指国民党私人官僚资本再到国民党政府国家资本和私人官僚资本的演变。我们党对官僚资本内涵的认识及其演变适应了当时政治斗争发展的需要,但其内涵的模糊性又要求中国共产党对官僚资本特别是私人官僚资本必须进行严格的区分和界定。     

夏都“河南”在偃师

目前不少学者认为二里头遗址就是史书上记载的斟寻,而此种观点与考古实际和文献记载均不相符.依据相关文献和考古资料,二里头遗址应为夏代晚期的都城"河南"而非斟寻,"河南"与阳城、阳翟、斟寻、原等相比较,是夏王朝延续时间最长的一处国都.     

商代邢都初探

本文通过对邢台与温县两地有关邢都文献与考古资料的对比研究后,认为商代邢都的研究已经取得了较大进展,但从目前所发现的商代都城的五条标准比较而言,邢都探索只能从河北邢台与河南温县同时加大研究力度,方能取得突破性的进展.