Sovereignty and territoriality in the city–state: A case study from the Amuq Valley,Turkey

This article investigates the relationship of state authority and territory in the city–state, using the Iron Age Syro-Anatolian culture of the ancient Near East as a case-study. Although more sophisticated spatial modeling of political authority has appeared in the past decade, archaeologists are still prone to assume that territoriality in ancient city–states operated according to a “container model” principle in which, like the modern state, political power is evenly distributed across the landscape within clear boundary divisions. The present work examines both the historical record from the Iron Age on the one hand, and regional settlement pattern data on the other, to evaluate the appropriateness of this conception of territory and power in the Syro-Anatolian city–state of Patina, located in southern Turkey. Textual accounts and gravity modeling of settlement distributions point toward a pattern of territoriality in which power was present inconsistently across the geographical extent of the city–state, and in which borderlines as conventionally drawn did not apply. I refer to this flexible relationship of authority and space as malleable territoriality.     

克努霍特普二世自传体铭文译注

克努霍特普二世自传体铭文形成于古代埃及第十二王朝时期，被刻写在位于贝尼·哈桑的克努霍特普二世的坟墓墙壁之上，是我们研究古代埃及第十二王朝时期地方贵族势力和中央政府之间关系的重要文献资料之一。本中文译文根据德·布克的象形文字拓本译出，并对内容作了必要的注释。     

联通古典与现代的一部史学力作——读莫米格里亚诺《现代史学的古典根基》

在人类史学发展史上,古代史学遗产丰厚并对后世影响深远。A·莫米格里亚诺将之大致划分为波斯、犹太、希腊和罗马史学等不同类型,并由此追溯了现代西方史学的古典根基。其间,论者着重探讨了古代史学自身的相互影响、古希腊史学内涵特征以及塔西佗影响等诸多热点难点问题。在此意义上,全书深入揭示了古代与现代史学之间具体的历史衍生关联。遗憾的是,论者对史学某些共性特征关注不够,部分论断缺乏缜密的逻辑分析。     

湖南何家皂北宋墓出土纺织品附着灰蓝色物质的科学分析

出土于湖南衡阳何家皂北宋墓的纺织品上观察发现有灰蓝色固体物质附着,为查明其性质,采用扫描电镜-能谱法、激光拉曼光谱法和X射线衍射法结合能量色散X射线荧光光谱法和光学形貌观察等手段进行科学分析。结果表明,该物质为磷酸亚铁矿物——蓝铁矿[Vivianite:Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)·8H_(2)O],其多形成于富铁、富磷、有机物含量较高且贫硫的缺氧还原沉积环境中,微生物活动亦对其生成有影响。该矿物的发现对墓葬环境特征与保存状态的研究有指示意义,在考古遗存中或可作为判断特殊埋藏条件的标志自生矿物之一。     

行动者网络视角下江南水乡古镇空间演化路径——以周庄古镇为例

江南水乡古镇是江南地域社会经济活动的高度聚合体，而空间作为功能的载体，是古镇保护与发展中的关键一环。本文以周庄古镇为例，从行动者网络理论视角切入，解析不同旅游发展阶段古镇空间演化的行动者作用路径。研究发现，关键行动者意图、行动者网络结构的变化，推动了周庄古镇空间重构和演化。在观光旅游发展阶段，周庄镇政府为关键行动者，通过行政征召、专家带头征召等方式促成行动者网络的形成和发展，使古镇商业空间沿河街生长，文化体验空间呈团块状散布；在休闲度假转型阶段，市场力量开始发挥更大作用，行动者网络重新调整，进一步推动古镇商业空间网状渗透，文化体验空间条块衍生。本文认为古镇空间的实践建构应高度重视原住民这一行动者的作用。     

旬邑上庙遗址出土马具附着有机残留物的科学研究

为研究我国古代马具的发展及工艺，使用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜，对旬邑上庙遗址出土的一副南北朝至初唐时期马具中青铜卡带背面附着的多层有机残留物进行检测。结果显示：黑色残留物为动物皮革，老化严重，已无法判断种属及鞣制工艺；下层残留纺织物为大麻纤维平纹编织而成，其经纬线差异显著，编织密度较低。二者共同构成该件马具之鞦。研究首次发现，马具上各青铜部件间系带使用了纺织品包裹皮革的制作工艺，可见当时马具的发展已初步成熟，人们充分认识到大麻制品及动物皮革作为马具系带的特征优势，并能将二者结合使用。研究结果可为南北朝至隋唐时期中原地区马具的研究提供线索，并为该类文物的保护修复提供参考。     

Serial craniectomies for intracranial infection 5.5 millennia ago

A skull found in a burial cave near Jericho with evidence of craniectomies dating approximately 5500 years ago had signs of frontal sinusitis and intracranial infection. The location of the three craniotomies in the frontal bone of this skull and evidence of the infection bursting from the sinus intracranially suggest that this is the oldest known cranial surgery performed due to symptoms of a medical aetiology : epidural infection.     

基于氮气吸附法的古代丝织品纳米孔隙研究方法初探

孔隙不仅是纤维骨架的一部分，也是外界物质进出的重要通道。目前，关于古代丝织品纳米孔隙结构的相关研究极少，仅有孔径一项评价指标，较为单一。实验采用红外光谱法和电子顺磁共振波谱法研究古代丝织品的降解特征，在此基础上采用低温氮气吸附法表征蚕丝纤维内部固有的孔隙结构，首次从孔形、孔径分布、比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径、分形维数等多个角度对古代丝织品的微观孔隙结构进行综合研究。研究结果表明：与现代丝织品相比，清代黄山样品、北宋南陵样品及战国郴州样品的劣化程度依次加深。孔结构分析显示，所有样品中同时含有狭缝形孔和圆筒形孔，孔隙具有连续性，表明蚕丝内部存在复杂的多级结构。其中，劣化程度较高的北宋和战国样品内部存在更多的大孔或开放性孔隙。Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)法和非定域密度泛函(NLDFT)法的研究结果显示，样品孔隙以介孔为主，孔径主要分布在20 nm以下，最可几孔径基本稳定在2.8 nm左右，为蚕丝内部的有序孔。比表面积和孔体积的研究结果表明，劣化程度较轻的黄山样品具有较高的比表面积，其孔体积的增加主要来源于小孔，南陵样品和郴州样品孔体积的增加主要来源于大孔。分形维数的...     

At the dawn of Arabian fisheries: Fishing activities of the inhabitants of the Neolithic tripartite house of Marawah Island,Abu Dhabi Emirate (United Arab Emirates)

This paper presents the results of a study of nearly 8000 fish bones from MR11 Area A, a Neolithic stone-built house located on Marawah Island, United Arab Emirates. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the site was inhabited from the first half of the 6th to the mid-5th millennium BC, making it one of the oldest Neolithic occupation sites in the whole of the Arabian Gulf. Initial excavations between 2003 and 2004 revealed a single room and then more recent excavations in 2016–2017 uncovered two adjacent structures which proved to be a tripartite house. Examination of the fish remains from this particular site allows both a spatial and diachronic analysis. Archaeo-ichthyological studies can determine the role of fisheries within the subsistence strategies of past societies and the fishing techniques they adopted. This study provides important evidence regarding coastal and island lifestyle during the Neolithic. It outlines the predominance of small coastal fish such as grunts, emperors, and seabreams in the faunal assemblage. It thus suggests that fishing was essentially carried out in the surrounding shallow waters where soft-bottoms and seagrass meadows predominate. Non-selective fishing techniques probably involved the use of small-mesh devices such as beach seines and coastal barrier traps.