Experimental and Numerical Seismic Response of a 65 kW Wind Turbine

A full-scale shake table test is conducted to assess the seismic response characteristics of a 23 m high wind turbine. Details of the experimental setup and the recorded dynamic response are presented. Based on the test results, two calibrated beam-column finite element models are developed and their characteristics compared. The first model consists of a vertical column of elements with a lumped mass at the top that accounts for the nacelle and the rotor. Additional beam-column elements are included in the second model to explicitly represent the geometric configuration of the nacelle and the rotor. For the tested turbine, the experimental and numerical results show that the beam-column models provide useful insights. Using this approach, the effect of first-mode viscous damping on seismic response is studied, with observed experimental values in the range of 0.5–1.0% and widely varying literature counterparts of 0.5–5.0%. Depending on the employed base seismic excitation, damping may have a significant influence, reinforcing the importance of more accurate assessments of this parameter in future studies. The experimental and modeling results also support earlier observations related to the significance of higher modes, particularly for the current generation of taller turbines. Finally, based on the outcomes of this study, a number of additional experimental research directions are discussed.     

“I think that would be the end of Canada”: Howard Green,the Nuclear Test Ban,and Interest-Based Foreign Policy, 1946–1963

Canada's atomic arms debate has attracted considerable scholarship, yet one of the debate's chief protagonists, Canada's Secretary of State for External Affairs Howard Green, has received comparatively little attention. In the fall of 1959 Green abruptly moved against further nuclear testing, and began a crusade against Canadian acquisition of atomic weapons. By exploring Howard Green's understanding of nuclear fallout and subsequent actions regarding nuclear testing, this article examines the validity of existing explanations for Green's abrupt change of heart and proposes a new primary motivation: that advancements in science's understanding of the environmental impact of nuclear fallout led Green to redraw his “mental map” of Canada's interests.     

Greening the University Curriculum: Appraising an International Movement

The declaration of the ‘United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development’ (ESD), Resolution 57/254, February 2003, provides the best yet occasion for higher education institutions (HEIs) to ‘green’ their curricula. The idea for the Decade emerges from a progression of high-level international conferences, beginning with Stockholm, 1972, that have seen ESD thinking move from general statements of intent to increasingly detailed specifications for action. There has also been a growth in awareness that the changes to the curriculum for sustainable development must suffuse all areas of education provision. They cannot be restricted to the environmental disciplines or ‘ecoliteracy’ modules or even to the classroom, but must be demonstrated by the whole of an HEI's approach to the world. Obstacles to implementation include: funding and perverse subsidies, departmental and disciplinary barriers, ivory-tower traditions in teaching that externalize and objectify the subjects studied and persistence of the obsolete mind-sets of the ‘industrial age’. These barriers may mean that change in HEIs will have to be driven by external processes, such as the transformation of primary and secondary education where the fragmentation of knowledge is less entrenched. However, there now seems to be growing agreement that HEIs should equip all their students with ‘environmental literacy’ and that sustainability should be central to concerns both in HEI curricula and in operational practice.     

绿漆古铜镜的结构成分分析

运用 SEM,XPS,EPMA,Micro-XRD,IR 及 AAS 等仪器分析手段对两块绿漆古铜镜进行了结构成分分析。结果表明,在铜镜表面层中,Sn、Si 的元素含量远高于合金基体内部;表面层下的过渡层内有 O、C、Cl、P 等生锈元素,并有明显被腐蚀痕迹。文章对表面层下的生锈途径进行了探讨;对绿漆古铜镜的特殊成因进行了探索。古铜镜表面加工过程进行的推测,对青铜文物保护有一定参考价值。     

显微镜探知中国古代颜料史

2003年2008年期间,采用光学显微镜对来自全国11个省和自治区超过30处的考古工地和文博单位的彩绘文物颜料进行了分析和研究,勾勒出中国古代颜料应用的历史轮廓：本文将中国颜料应用史分成三部分论述,先秦至两汉、魏晋南北朝到清代中期、清代晚期。每个时期颜料的应用和彩绘的工艺均有各自的特点,文章配有大量精美的显微照片配合说明。先秦至两汉以中国蓝中国紫为代表,表现出当时科技活动的活跃,秦代骨白的应用也是一个有趣的例子;魏晋南北朝到清代中期是颜料发展史的平和期,这一时期构建起中国传统颜料的体系,未有太大的变化,惟有元代开始应用的苏麻离青颜料是一个关注点;清代晚期。西方工业合成颜料大量涌入是这个时期的显著特点。     

绿色环球21:规范生态旅游的国际标准

生态旅游作为一种既能体验大自然、又能充分关注环境保护和当地发展的特殊旅游形式,得到了普遍的推崇。中国生态旅游也在发展,但亟需加以规范。具有全球权威性的可持续旅游组织“绿色环球21”与澳大利亚生态旅游协会共同制定的《“绿色环球21”国际生态旅游标准》,可供各国生态旅游市场作为规范标准。     

陕西省旅游资源保护及其策略研究

旅游资源产权不明晰,旅游市场的不完全竞争性,非理性的旅游及其它经济活动以及片面强调旅游业的发展优势是陕西省旅游资源遭受破坏的主要原因。因此陕西省必须实施可持续旅游策略,树立资源忧患意识,改革旅游资源开发体制,建立资源价值合理化机制,实施绿色营销等,努力做到资源保护与旅游经济发展相协调。     

Labor resistance and municipal power: Scalar mismatch in the Los Angeles Green New Deal

In 2019, the Mayor of Los Angeles announced the Los Angeles Green New Deal (LAGND), an ambitious plan to shift the city's power system to 100% renewables by 2045. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP)—the electricity provider for the city and the largest municipally-owned utility in the United States—began a consultation process with local stakeholders and energy system modelers to determine possible scenarios to accomplish this goal. While the LAGND was lauded by environmentalists and progressives both within Los Angeles and beyond, it has been heavily opposed by the IBEW 18, the union that represents nearly all employees at LADWP. IBEW 18 has staged protests, created political advocacy organizations, and funded anti-decarbonization political candidates. This paper draws on 20 semi-structured interviews and other secondary materials to understand the union's oppositionand to demonstrate some of the unique challenges that municipal-scale Green New Deal (GND) plans face. We argue that the tensions between the mayor's office and unionized utility workers can be explained, at least in part, by three instances of scalar misalignment—or mismatch—that arise from trying to undertake a GND plan at the city level. These include mismatch between: (1) the scales of political activism and engagement between the mayor and the union, (2) the aims of the GND narrative and the limits imposed by the jurisdiction of the City of Los Angeles, and (3) the current and future geographies of the electric power system and related infrastructure and its path dependencies.     

The beads of Indian Knoll

ABSTRACT

Busycon discs, barrels, rings, and columellas, Leptoxis and Prunum shell beads, and stone and coal beads from Webb and Moore excavations at Indian Knoll (15OH2) are discussed in this paper as the author seeks to determine how beads were deployed to convey social information during the Archaic period. After wrestling with the count of beads (ca. 27,337) and the number of burials (ca. 260) with beads, the types of beads are tallied and measurements given based on the author’s examination of beads. The presence and distribution of beads in the shell-bearing stratum and the hardpan, and their distribution among women, men, and subadults, are explored. The beads appear to have been assembled rather than manufactured as sets. An argument is made that shell beads were used at Indian Knoll as regalia for members of and victims of a hunt god/spirit cult. Leptoxis sashes are identified in 36 burials and discussed as regalia. Bead co-occurrence with atlatls, faunal species, and violent death is examined as part of the hypothesized cult rituals.     

Gendered viewing,childbirth and female authority in the residence of Alice Chaucer,duchess of Suffolk,at Ewelme,Oxfordshire

ABSTRACT

This article examines the visual culture of the late medieval great residence from the perspective of the female gaze. In 1466, the widowed Alice Chaucer, duchess of Suffolk (c.1404–75), moved several items from her London and East Anglian houses to her principal residence at Ewelme, Oxfordshire. A unique set of inventories reveals that the move anticipated the birth and baptism of one of Alice’s grandchildren at that manor house. Focusing on the tapestries displayed in the main rooms of Alice’s residence, this article argues that the rituals surrounding the birth of Alice’s grandchild – and their occurrence within a female-headed household – provided a gendered viewing context, which both informed, and was informed by, their iconography. It considers how the mutually constitutive relationship between space, iconography and ritual would have authorised an event centred on female bodies, whilst also articulating Alice’s authority as household and family matriarch.