日本高山寺藏裴注《史记·殷本纪》文本源流考

日本高山寺所藏裴注《史记.殷本纪》的文本情况较为复杂。本文考证:此卷钞写于五代时期,而钞者所据底本则是初唐以前的《史记》夹注本,它具有早期《史记》夹注本与五代钞本的双重特征。考察高山寺本《殷本纪》文本源流,发现唐、宋两个关键性的《史记》传本——司马贞《索隐》所据本和北宋景本与高山寺本既是一脉相承,又有所变易。高山寺本《殷本纪》不仅为《史记》校勘提供了宝贵的古本资料,而且为我们了解宋人校《史》的某些特点和存在的问题提供了重要的文献依据。     

20世纪河南博物馆产生与发展概述

本文重点从博物馆机构的建立、文物标本的收藏、陈列展览的举办与开放、科学研究等几个方面,概述了 ２０世纪河南博物馆事业产生、发展、壮大的历史过程,以期河南各类博物馆在新的世纪中,为社会做出更大的贡献。     

青海农牧区普及九年制义务教育问题浅探

发展农牧区义务教育是提高农牧民素质的基础性工作,是提高全民族素质、实现全面小康社会的重要保证。青海省农牧区自然环境恶劣,农牧民思想观念保守、落后,加之《义务教育法》执行力度不够,义务教育投入不足,使得青海省农牧区九年制义务教育工作与国家义务教育的目标要求存在一定的差距。为此,统一思想,提高认识,规范教育投入保障机制,实现教育资金的逐年增长,并加大《义务教育法》的执法力度,力促“普九”工作目标在农牧区如期实现,对于青海省而言,具有特殊的重要意义。     

农业历史地理环境变迁与农业地域拓展

农业地理环境是农业生产诸自然条件中影响最大的因素之一。历史过程之中,以地理环境条件为基础,伴随农业生产技术的纵深迈进,农业经济的开发与中心转移呈现出明显的层次性与地域性特征:率先是黄河中下游地区的旱作农区,次为长江流域稻作农区,进而是高寒农区的开发。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损鉴定软玉产地的可行性研究

玉,在中国文化中一直具有崇高的地位。玉器产地是玉器文物研究、保护修复和真伪鉴定的重要依据。目前可用于软玉检测的方法虽然很多,但由于取样损伤文物、定量精度不足、数据分析复杂等问题的限制,难以广泛用于玉器文物产地鉴定。因此,本研究应用近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损检测新技术,对和田、青海、俄罗斯、韩国等产地的软玉样品进行了判别分析。结果表明,该方法不仅测试简单、数据处理方便,而且能够对有限的样品进行产地分类,用于玉器文物的材料产地鉴定是可行的。研究结果为玉器产地无损鉴定提供了一条新的思路。     

太湖与杭州湾地区原始稻作农业起源初探

太湖与杭州湾地区目前已知最早的稻作遗存距今在7000年左右,钱塘江流域有距今9000～8000年的稻作化遗存,是探讨稻作起源的重要区域。     

关于刀形端刃器起源的分析

对刀形端刃器的起源目前学界仍争议不一,而考古发现中的一种石质实用端刃器很可能就是它的制作理念之源。     

有关农业产业化与农业社会化服务体系问题探讨

农业产业化是现代农业发展的趋势和特点。在我国农业产业化作为一种新的生产经营方式,是改革与发展的产物。健全和完善不同特色系列的农业社会化服务体系是农业产业化发展的客观要求和保证,二者相辅相成。本文以陕西关中地区为例,在分析现状特点、存在问题、相互关系的基础上,提出了适宜重点发展的四种"匹配模式"。并认为在思想上,要实现"三破三立";在战略上,要调整和优化"三大结构";在举措上,要做到"三个依靠、三个结合。     

Characterization and origin of black and red Magdalenian pigments from Grottes de la Garenne (Vallée moyenne de la Creuse-France): a mineralogical and geochemical approach of the study of prehistorical paintings

Pigments sampled from wall paintings and from crayons taken on the floor, at the Grottes de la Garenne (Saint-Marcel – Indre, France) have been analyzed and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ICP/MS and analytical TEM. The red pigment used for the wall paintings is mainly composed by hematite, clays, carbon matter and carbonates. Results on the red pigments show that the compositions of the paintings are similar to that of some crayons. Regarding these analyses, their origin is compatible with local siderolithic facieses. Analysis of black pigments shows that they are made of cryptomelane, pyrolusite, clays, carbonates and carbon matter. It shows also that paintings and some crayons compositions are compatible. On the contrary of red pigments, the origin of black pigments is probably allochtonous. Indeed, the traces of thallium detected in cryptomelane, the cerium anomaly and the absence of iron are not compatible with local facieses or other sites from the French Massif Central.     

Detecting the environmental impact of the Baltic Crusades on a late-medieval (13th–15th century) frontier landscape: palynological analysis from Malbork Castle and hinterland,Northern Poland

Palaeoecological analysis of peat deposits from a small bog, combined with pollen analysis of sediments infilling the moat of the nearby Teutonic Order castle at Malbork, have been used to examine the ecological impact of the Crusades on the late-medieval landscape of Northern Poland. Studies of the environmental impact of the Crusades have been almost exclusively informed by written sources; this study is the first of its type to directly investigate the environmental context of Crusading as a force of ecological transformation on the late-medieval Baltic landscape. The pollen evidence from Malbork Castle and its hinterland demonstrate that the 12th/13th–15th centuries coincide with a marked transformation in vegetation and land-use, characterized by clearance of broadleaved woodland and subsequent agricultural intensification, particularly during the 14th/15th centuries. These changes are ascribed to landscape transformations associated with the Teutonic Order’s control of the landscape from the mid-13th century. Human activity identified in the pollen record prior to this is argued to reflect the activities of Pomeranian settlers in the area. This paper also discusses the broader palaeoecological evidence for medieval landscape change across Northern Poland.