新中国党的经济理论和思想发展的回顾与评析

新中国建立以来,党的经济理论总的来说是既以马克思主义为指导,又从中国实际出发,不断摆脱教条主义与本本主义,在许多方面发展了马克思主义的经济理论,如毛泽东的《论十大关系》便是对马克思主义经济学的新发展,同时他还强调商品生产的必要性和价值规律的客观必炼性;党的十一届三中全会以后社会主义初级阶段理论的提出与发展,从理论上弄清了什么是社会主义和如何建设社会主义的问题,提出和实践了社会主义市场经济理论并取得了令世界瞩目的成就,与此同时,在社会主义建设过程中也曾出现过经济理论方面的失误。     

Nonlinear Structural Performance of a Historical Brick Masonry Inverted Dome

ABSTRACT

Traditional domes are obtained by double curvature shells, which can be rotationally formed by any curved geometrical plane figure rotating about a central vertical axis. They are self-supported and stabilized by the force of gravity acting on their weight to hold them in compression. However, the behavior of inverted domes is different since the dome is downward and masonry inverted domes and their structural behaviors in the literature received limited attention. This article presents a nonlinear finite element analysis of historical brick masonry inverted domes under static and seismic loads. The brick masonry inverted dome in the tomb of scholar Ahmed-El Cezeri, town of Cizre, Turkey, constructed in 1508 is selected as an application. First, a detailed literature review on the masonry domes is given and the selected inverted dome is described briefly. 3D solid and continuum finite element models of the inverted masonry dome are obtained from the surveys. An isotropic Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) material model adjusted to masonry structures with the same tensile strength assumed along the parallel and meridian directions of the inverted dome is considered. The nonlinear static analyses and a parametric study by changing the mechanical properties of the brick unit of the inverted masonry dome are performed under gravity loads. The acceleration records of vertical and horizontal components of May 1, 2003 Bingöl earthquake (Mw = 6.4), Turkey, occurred near the region, are chosen for the nonlinear seismic analyses. Nonlinear step by step seismic analyses of the inverted dome are implemented under the vertical and horizontal components of the earthquake, separately. Static modal and seismic responses of the inverted masonry dome are evaluated using mode shapes, minimum and maximum principal strains and stresses, and damage propagations.     

纸张理化指标与老化时间的统计学分析

为了探究纸张的保存寿命,本项目对竹纸、宣纸、新闻纸、字典纸和构皮纸等5种纸张进行了干热加速老化实验,并对老化前后纸张的主要理化指标(返黄值、抗张指数、撕裂指数、耐折指数、聚合度、铜价和冷抽提pH值)进行检测。最后通过Pearson等级相关系数研究了上述理化指标与老化时间的相关性,从而揭示出纸张保存寿命预测的方法。研究发现5种纸张的抗张指数、铜价和聚合度与老化时间的相关性都较好。分别各有4种纸张的返黄值、冷抽提pH值和撕裂指数与老化时间的相关系数都在0.9以上,相关性非常好。仅有一种纸张的耐折指数与老化时间的相关性较好。本研究的结果对于大多数纸张保存寿命的预测具有参考价值。     

Monitoring the French Panthéon: From Rondelet’s Historical Surveys to the Modern Automatic System

The damage of a historical structure can be today controlled with many sophisticated instruments. Nevertheless, this type of monitoring can give information only over a very short period of time compared with the long life of the building. This approach can be insufficient to reconstruct the whole evolution of the damage, and thus to understand the stress distribution inside the structural elements, particularly in cases for which long-term phenomena (such as viscosity or soil settlements) are present. To reach this more complex aim, an approach of historical monitoring should be applied, both looking at technical historical documents and surveying the traces of history directly on the monument itself. The case of the French Panthéon is presented in this study, showing the usefulness of this approach also for the present stability assessment. The comparison among the plentiful historical documentation (including 18th-century surveys, monitoring, and technical reports), the present surveys of deformations and the “modern” structural monitoring allowed a complete quantitative reconstruction of the main damages evolution from the construction till now, laying the base for a possible future conscious intervention.     

Combining Odontochronology,Tooth Wear Assessment,and Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH) Recording to Assess Pig Domestication in Neolithic Henan,China

Mandibles of Sus scrofa (wild boar/pig) from ritual pits H160 and H208 of Longshangang, a Late Yangshao Neolithic site in Xichuan County, Henan, were analyzed for evidence of domestication. Three methods of dental analysis were applied: odontochronology, tooth wear assessment, and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) recording, which provide age at death, season of kill, and season of birth data. We investigate whether: (i) the LEH height frequencies on the second molars of the mandibles correspond with the possibility of double farrowing and (2) double farrowing is supported by the season of and age at slaughter data. If so, these data suggest a substantial degree of human management of suids at the site. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

教育管理发展需要的评估

教育管理发展需要的评估是影响教育管理目标达成的要素。本文在分析教育管理与评估的内涵及其关系的基础上,提出教育管理发展需要做好评估工作的具体措施和办法,以使管理向着更高层次发展。     

Evaluations of sex assessment using weighted traits on incomplete skeletal remains

Several studies have presented a variety of sexually dimorphic traits on the skeleton offering possibilities to score these traits for sex determination. However, few have discussed how fragmentation of skeletons affects the reliability of the results, and how to assess sex attribution based on a variety of methods. In the present study sex was determined for 354 skeletons from the medieval Swedish town Sigtuna, using well‐recognized sexing techniques on the pelvis, skull and femur. The preservation of the skeletons varied markedly, thus affecting possibilities for sex assessments. An attempt was made to evaluate the result of the sex assessment when weighting of different traits with different scales was used. The resulting estimation for each individual was called total mean value A. In addition, a total mean value B that considers unobservable missing traits was estimated. It can be concluded that both weighting and fragmentation affect sex assessments of incomplete skeletons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国十大城市群综合发展水平的多层次因素分析及非均衡差异研究

中国十大城市群正在成为中国经济、科技、文化最发达的地区,成为了中国国民经济的十大支撑点,因此,研究中国十大城市群综合发展水平具有理论和实践上的重大意义。通过构建城市群综合发展水平评估指标体系,采用多层次因素分析与分类相结合的综合评估方法,对中国十大城市群综合发展水平进行了科学评估及比较,十大城市群综合发展水平呈现出四大集团的非均衡区域差异分布。同时分别提出了缩短领先型集团、挑战型集团、追赶型集团、后进型集团城市群综合发展水平非均衡差异的对策与建议。     

老化丝织品的氨基酸分析研究

为了解氨基酸分析能否成为有效的研究丝织品老化原因及检测丝织品老化程度的方法,选用经光老化、热老化和水解老化的现代白色丝织品和出土于湖北、内蒙古、青海的古代丝织品为样品,将称好的样品用6mol／L的HCl在110℃恒温烘箱中水解22小时,然后用美国Waters公司产的氨基酸自动分析仪进行分离及检测,根据色谱图中各个氨基酸的峰面积得出各个氨基酸的百分含量。实验结果表明,光老化和热老化时,丝织品强度的损失与酪氨酸含量的降低呈线性关系;水解老化时,丝织品强度的损失与天门冬氨酸含量的降低呈线性关系。结果说明,氨基酸分析从分子水平上给出各种老化的特征及老化程度,无论是对于机理研究还是对于老化程度的判定,都很有实用意义。     

户外游憩体验质量评价研究——以上海城市公园自行车活动为例

本文探讨了户外游憩体验质量、游憩者、游憩地之间的内在关系,初步构建了户外游憩体验质量评价模型;以上海城市公园自行车活动为例,通过现场问卷调查和访谈获取基础数据,探讨自行车活动核心游憩体验因子构成及核心影响因素,初步形成了户外游憩体验质量量化评价的方法。