从《张家山汉简》谈汉初的户赋与户刍

本文从《张家山汉简》所出汉初法律条文着手,对汉初户赋和户刍的性质进行了细致分析,指出二者是一种特殊性质的户税,具有税率很轻的特点。由此,进一步探讨了汉代户税的演变过程,认为文景与武帝时期社会状况的变化是导致汉代户税不断加重又突然消失的重要原因。     

Reporting by Letter: The 2nd Earl of Hardwicke and his Parliamentary Correspondents

For much of the 18th century, letter writing remained an important means of communicating news about proceedings at Westminster. Members of leading parliamentary families such as the Hardwickes were prolific letter writers and their correspondence has long been valued as a source for the period before the regular reporting of debates became established in the newspaper press. This article focuses on reporting by letter in the correspondence of the 2nd earl of Hardwicke and his circle. It reconstructs Hardwicke's network of informants and considers how the nature of their connection with the earl affected the way they conceived of their role as reporters. With reference to the epistolary conventions of the time, it asks how the circumstances in which letters were composed and read may have shaped the style and content of the reports. Finally, the article examines the impact made on the epistolary tradition by the emergence of newspaper reporting in the later 18th century and assesses the extent to which this development led letter writers to adjust their methods and goals.     

Gas breakthrough pressure for hydrocarbon reservoir seal rocks: implications for the security of long-term CO2 storage in the Weyburn field

This paper reports a laboratory study of the gas breakthrough pressure for different gas/liquid systems in the Mississippian‐age Midale Evaporite. This low‐permeability rock formation is the seal rock for the Weyburn Field in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, where CO₂ is being injected into an oil reservoir for enhanced recovery and CO₂ storage. A technique for experimentally determining CO₂ breakthrough pressure at reservoir conditions is presented. Breakthrough pressures for N₂, CO₂ and CH₄ were measured with the selected seal‐rock samples. The maximum breakthrough pressure is over 30 MPa for N₂ and approximately 21 MPa for CO₂. The experimental results demonstrate that the Weyburn Midale Evaporite seal rock is of high sealing quality. Therefore, the Weyburn reservoir and Midale Beds can be used as a CO₂ storage site after abandonment. The measured results also show that the breakthrough pressure of a seal rock for a gas is nearly proportional to the interfacial tension of the gas/brine system. The breakthrough pressure of a CO₂/brine system is significantly reduced compared with that of a CH₄/brine system because of the much lower interfacial tension of the former. This implies that a seal rock that seals the original gas in a gas reservoir or an oil reservoir with a gas cap may not be tight enough to seal the injected CO₂ if the pressure during or after CO₂ injection is the same or higher than the original reservoir pressure. Therefore, reevaluation of the breakthrough pressure of seal rocks for a given reservoir is necessary and of highest priority once it is chosen as a CO₂ storage site.     

移动搜索法在教育公共服务可达性评价中的改进与应用——以福州城区幼儿园为例

采用可变步长的两步移动搜索法,以福建省福州市为典型案例,以居民点（普查小区）为分析单元,对各居民点入园空间可达性进行了测算,并与传统的两步移动搜索法进行对比分析,综合判别学前教育资源空间分布特点。研究表明：福州城区入园可达性总体情况并不理想,仅有少数地区、少量人群可以获得较好的幼儿园空间的可达性。入园可达性在地理空间上呈现出多中心结构,高可达性地区主要分布在市中心并在城市周围零星分布,边缘乡镇特别是除西部以外的乡镇地区缺教明显,入园可达性在城区内部差异较大,幼儿园资源过剩地区和稀缺地区呈两极分化的格局。可变步长的两步移动搜索法能更为客观有效地对幼儿园的布局状况进行评价。而传统方法有一定的夸大作用,且降低了内部的差异,在一定程度上掩饰了幼儿园资源分布的不公平现象。     

Governor Stone: Analysis of an 1877 Two-masted Schooner from the Gulf of Mexico

This article details the historic preservation documentation and construction analysis of the 1877 American 2-masted schooner Governor Stone , a National Historic Landmark. Governor Stone 's construction reflects its intended use as a general freight and oyster schooner, and to a lesser degree its geographic origin along the Gulf of Mexico. While the physical environment of the Gulf Coast necessarily constrained the size of these vessels, 2-masted schooners of the Gulf Coast generally exhibit similarities with their contemporary functional equivalents of other American regions rather than stylistic elements unique to their geography.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

江苏金坛县薛埠镇上水土墩墓群二号墩发掘简报

2005年南京博物院考古研究所在金坛县薛埠镇上水村发掘了4座土墩墓,其中二号墩发现的遗迹包括器物群、墓葬、土台和房址。墓葬和其中3个器物群出土有硬陶坛、瓿、碗、施釉硬陶豆和夹砂陶鼎、泥质陶瓿等,年代为西周晚期,其他5个器物群含商代早期陶器,推测为修筑土墩墓时有意放置的。     

河南安阳市殷墟郭家庄东南五号商代墓葬

2006年11月,安阳市文物工作队对郭家庄东南的一座商代贵族墓葬进行发掘。该墓为土坑竖穴墓,一椁一棺。墓内随葬品共计63件,有陶器、青铜器、玉石器、骨器、蚌器和贝币。该墓的时代为殷墟文化第二期,墓主人是旅长或高级贵族。该墓是近年在殷墟外围地区发现的较重要的墓葬之一。     

The effect of congestion and agglomeration on multifactor productivity growth in Dutch regions

It is well known that labour productivity growth in Europe isslowing down, against an increasing growth rate in the US. TheNetherlands is one of the countries in Europe with the lowestgrowth rates of productivity. This article looks at this phenomenonfrom a regional perspective and presents the results of a growthaccounting exercise applied to regional industry data of TheNetherlands between 1995 and 2002. We find that slow productivitygrowth in The Netherlands is particularly situated in the economiccore regions and is caused by slow multifactor productivity(mfp) growth. A substantial part of this slow mfp-growth canbe explained by the fact that positive agglomeration advantagesare overruled by negative congestion effects caused by trafficjams.