银器文物的变色原因及防变色缓蚀剂的筛选

为探讨银器物变色的原因与防变色缓蚀剂的筛选研究,用极化曲线法对目前已知的多个银缓蚀剂进行缓蚀性能评价。筛选出较优良的银缓蚀剂为：2-巯基苯并恶唑(MBO)、1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑(PMTA)、2-巯基苯并咪唑(MBI)等。这对银器物保护有较大的实用价值。     

Ionoluminescence and Cathodoluminescence in Marbles of Historic and Architectural Interest

Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) was applied, along with cathodoluminescence (CL), on seven samples of marbles of historic and architectural interest. The CL colours, observed in a cold cathode device, have been related to the IBIL spectra. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the IBIL spectral features has made it possible to disclose the influence of the chemical composition and to emphasize the crystal‐chemical role of the Mn²⁺. Beyond the chemical information and the crystal‐chemical interpretation, the spectra are recognized as being valuable in the field of archaeological studies for their significance as fingerprints of marbles, giving information on their nature and origin.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review of its causes and its diagnosis in skeletal material

Smoky fires in small, poorly ventilated structures have been cited as a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) since the 1920s (Dobson, 1924 ). Furthermore, based on five cited cases of ancient NPC, it has been proposed that NPC was a common condition with a wide geographical distribution in ancient populations (Wells, 1964a , b ). Both interpretations have continued to appear in the literature (Ortner, 2003 ), but recently, Aufderheide & Rodríguez‐Martín ( 1998 ) have argued that the number of cases of NPC is inflated due to ‘diagnostic imprecision’. This paper reviews medical advances that in the last few decades have shed considerable light on risk factors for NPC, and also reviews criteria for diagnosing NPC. Based on these data, a reexamination of the five cited cases of ancient NPC suggests that only one case may be NPC, and the prevalence and distribution of this disease may have been more variable than originally thought. Furthermore, a better understanding of the aetiology of NPC and criteria for diagnosis may allow for more precise research designs for studying ancient populations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

COVID-19 in Chihuahua,Mexico: Assessing its spatial behaviour through the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique

This study focused on the spatial evolution of COVID-19 in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Data were retrieved from governmental databases and analyzed by means of GIS, applying the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The period of December 2019 through November 2021 was split into eight seasons. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used to assess the reliability of the interpolations, showing acceptable values (RSME < 25). During the period, the municipalities of Juarez and Chihuahua reached the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, Juarez being the main hotspot of contagion (37.2% of confirmed cases; 46.9% of deaths). Four waves of contagion were identified during the evaluated period, with Fall 2020 being the strongest season. Since Fall 2020, the spread of the disease was more often observed in municipalities with the highest human mobility. Although the spread of COVID-19 decreased after Spring 2021, in Fall 2021 records indicated a continuous increase in cases in the state. That could be due to a relaxation of the implementation of sanitary measures, as well as to the propagation of novel COVID-19 variants having an elevated infectious level. Geospatial techniques allowed for an understanding of the spatial spread of COVID-19 and could be useful for its control.     

Animal Bones from the Late Neolithic Site of Ponte da Azambuja 2 (Évora,Portugal)

Neolithic faunal assemblages are scarce in Portugal, and although some trends related to the beginning of domestication are now becoming understood, more data and further zooarchaeological analyses are necessary to fully understand them. Ponte da Azambuja 2 is a set of three Late Neolithic ditch enclosures located in the Alentejo region, Southern Portugal. It was discovered in 2008 by the archaeological unit Crivarque during the construction of a new irrigation system. Ditch enclosure 1 was excavated in two trenches, Locus 1 and Locus 2. A small faunal assemblage was recovered, showing high fragmentation mainly due to post‐depositional processes, which made the interpretation rather problematic. Although animal herding strategies are difficult to assess, it was possible to confirm the domesticate status of some of the taxa. Domestication appears to have been complemented by hunting – both red deer and leporids being present. The identification of burning, cut marks and worked bone confirms an anthropogenic faunal accumulation. Worked bone fragments suggest needle production and the production of potential ornaments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于高斯两步移动搜索法的沈阳市就业可达性评价

将高斯两步移动搜索方法引入到就业可达性测度研究中,在证明方法有效性的同时,也对研究案例沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性空间格局、形成机理进行了分析,并提出相应的调控策略。结果显示,沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性在空间上并非均匀分布,而是呈现为明显的中心-外围格局。形成这一格局的机理有:①单中心的城市形态;②城市规划的功能性布局;③居住的郊区化;④旧城改造与政策性住房;⑤地理要素的空间阻隔。提出用足规划手段促进产业与人口均衡化布局、旧城改造与政策性住房的合理落位、完善城市交通,破除路径障碍与培育多中心城市空间结构等调控策略。     

Re-engaging with rationality in economic geography: behavioural approaches and the importance of context in decision-making

Behavioural approaches have become mainstream in economics,supported by the research of cognitive scientists and psychologists,yet their findings have attracted little attention from geographers.This article argues for a renewed behavioural economic geographythat builds on research in behavioural economics but also addressesone of its main shortcomings: a lack of engagement with thesocial context of decision-making. I outline a research agendathat bridges the gap between the disciplines in the area ofpension decision-making, using the example of choice in UK occupationalplans to argue for a mixed methodological approach to meet thechallenge of taking context seriously.     

The Mineralogical Characteristics of the Lamboglia 2 Roman‐Age Amphorae from the Central Adriatic (Croatia)*

The mineralogical characteristics of four Lamboglia 2 Roman‐age amphorae excavated from ancient underwater shipwreck localities in the central Adriatic were investigated. X‐ray diffraction and optical microscopy analyses showed that the amphorae have similar primary mineral compositions, mainly consisting of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, diopside, illite and calcite, most probably originating from clayey Eocene flysch deposits used as raw materials in manufacture. The difference in mineral composition between these samples is recognized from the presence or absence of melilite, high‐magnesium calcite, aragonite, gypsum and analcime. It was shown that melilite is a secondary mineral formed during the firing process, while the others, which build up through incrustation of marine benthonic communities on the amphora walls and fill the cracks in the amphora bodies, were formed by crystallization in seawater. The firing of the original pieces of amphorae showed that melilite could be formed at temperatures higher than 800°C, most probably through interaction between calcite and silicate minerals present in the raw materials. The presence of melilite, and the absence of illite and calcite, were used to estimate the firing temperature of the amphorae during their production.     

包山二号墓陶罐试析

本主要探讨了湖北荆门包山二号楚墓出土的12件陶罐在其墓主人时代存在的三种不同的原有名称及其各自不同的原有功用。原名“（石缶）”的陶罐是具有保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装成品或半成品食物、可供加热之用的稍大型贮存容器;原名“（土缶）”的陶罐是具有保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装即食食物、可供加热和携带之用的稍大型贮运容器;原名“”的陶罐是具有掩蔽、保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装成品食物之用的稍小型贮存容器。     

楚“神树”研究

楚“神树”在楚墓中屡出不鲜。本以湖北荆州天星观二号墓出土的一棵髹漆的自然树-神树为例,并结合考古发现的神树标本、献记载的神树神话,对楚神树的形态、神树崇拜的起源进行了较全面细致的研究。同时对天星观二号墓髹漆神树的性质与功能等进行了探讨。