晚清机铸制钱的问世与消亡

中华货币文化源远流长,独具特色。自秦始皇统一货币、专用半两秦钱始,外圆内方的钱制便成为定制,在中国流传了两干多年之久。晚清以后,西方资本主义势力侵入中国,浸淫和破坏了中国自给自足的传统社会经济基础,并由此从根本上触发了中国传统制钱制度的生存危机。面对日益恶化的制钱流通环境,清政府也曾试图挽救,却仍然无法阻止制钱制度退出历史舞台的趋势和脚步,最终为新生的铜元制度所替代。     

DISAPPEARING OF GREEKS＇ LEGEND IN NORTH EAST OF IRAN

The Greeks legends, which appeared on the Parthian coins, seem to be meaningless and consider as one of the ambiguities in the history of Parthian dynasty. From the beginning of first century AD, the Greeks legend appeared on Parthian Coins are vague and only seem to be symbolic. By the invasion of Sakas to the north of Iran which led to extinction of the governing of the Greeks in Bactria and pushed them back to the north India, Romans finally succeeded to add the Seleucid as a part of their territory, and left the traders in Selucia and Babylonia in the west and Margiana and Bactria on the east under domination of locals rather than the Greeks. In this article we are to investigate of decline of Greeks in Bactria and its relation to meaningless Greek legends on Parthian coins.     

楚爰金的诞生和消亡

“郢爰”是春秋战国时期楚国的货币。自西周初年建国,楚国逐渐强盛起来,先后吞灭了几十个大大小小商代古国、周初分封的诸侯国和许多少数民族的原始部落与奴隶制政权,成为雄居江汉和江淮流域的强国。     

建初寺的历史沿革及其消亡

江左祖庭 后汉三国吴赤乌十年（247）①,江左地区首座真正意义上的寺庙——建初寺落成,其址位于当时的小长干一带（今南京门西地区花露（孟）岗以南）,因临近大市（规模较大的集市）,故亦称“大市寺”。