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Jennifer Liu 《Frontiers of History in China》2013,8(4):558-584
This study focuses on the migration of middle school students to the interior of China after the Japanese invaded in 1937. It argues that the Guomindang (GMD) central government was generally successful in handling the 500,000 displaced students, making substantial efforts to monitor, register, educate, and provide training for them, as well as establishing government-run "national middle schools" during the war. Meanwhile, the GMD also exerted a strong influence on course curriculum, instructing educators how to implement the Three People's Principles and other party doctrines in classrooms. These processes expanded the state's hand in secondary education and allowed the GMD to include refugee students and schools in its wartime narrative of progress, praising the students' patriotic participation in defying the Japanese occupiers and their contribution to "national reconstruction" (jianguo). However, there were still many challenges. Refugee students, teachers, and principals forcibly converted Buddhist temples into schools and clashed with local monks, farmers, villagers, and even the GMD military. With schools merging and moving inland, relocation also provided opportunities for unscrupulous administrators and teachers to exploit the situation for themselves, as government reports reveal many cases of corruption in the wartime schools. 相似文献
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合并高校办学形式的大量产生,使合并高校档案管理体制也受到了很大的冲击和挑战。在现有高校档案信息数字化、网络化的基础上,进一步提出了高校档案管理现代化的初步构想。 相似文献
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1274年里昂教会合并是考察晚期拜占廷与罗马教皇关系的重要佐证。它暂时缓解了拉丁复辟势力的威胁,使拜占廷免于再次沦陷。在面对土耳其强敌进攻时,拜占廷末代统治者多奉里昂教会合并为圭臬,借东西教会合并,寻求罗马教皇的帮助。细究里昂教会合并得以实现的原因,当发现,晚期拜占廷面临的艰难局面,为里昂教会合并提供了契机。而拜占廷独特的政教关系及罗马教皇政治影响力的增强则为教会合并提供了重要保证。 相似文献
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冀南银行成立于1939年10月15日,1948年4月与晋察冀边区银行联合办公,同年7月份合并为华北银行(10月1日正式挂牌),12月1日又与北海银行、西北农民银行合并为中国人民银行。9年时间,经历了从创建到发展、巩固、胜利的全过程。 相似文献
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在中国大学教育百年发展历程中,1938年至1946年,为躲避日军的战火,北大、清华、南开三所大学南渡西迁,来到云南昆明市,合并组建了国立西南联合大学。 相似文献