Reply to comments on trade,towns and states: A reconsideration of early medieval economics

The aim of this paper is to discuss a specific group of stamped gold foils with human representation from the late Scandinavian Iron Age (AD 550/600–800) from the perspective of size. The article argues that the framed gold foils embed sophisticated and multi-layered transformations that capture and echo basic principles of northern cosmology and belief systems related to Odin as the god for kings and his ability as a seer.     

Prony et babbage: apercus sur l'histoire de la division du travail mental∗

Hobbes and Hume on the imagination can initiate a discussion of empiricism in the 17th and 18th centuries: here, however, it provides the opportunity to focus on Kant's attempt to overcome the limits of their sense originating, naturalist ethics. I argue the general point that Kant's response to his predecessors, both empiricist and non-empiricists, is to modify their focus on nature without falling into skepticism; indeed, his speculative metaphysics also is a response to classical ontological metaphysics. Kant by providing two realms or perspectives, a natural and a noumenal, avoids many difficulties resulting from Hobbes and Hume's starting point in sense leading to imagination and a non-normative reason. Yet, challenged by Herder and the romantics, he uses a sort of residual view of the imagination in relation to the freedom of the noumenal, which results in difficulties for his speculative, noumenal metaphysics.     

论江永与西学

在清代数学和天文学史上,关于江永对待西学的态度及其贡献,历来颇有争议。及身而至的便有梅瑴成的不满、钱大昕的批评,其后更有钱熙祚的指责、钱宝琮的肯定。综观后人评说,大半出于政治立场的批评,而较少出于学术层面的求实评价。其中,"三钱"对江永的评判,就代表了不同时期人们的知识水平和政治意识。文章通过江永《翼梅》对梅文鼎学术的批评与总结,借以纠正人们对江永与梅文鼎关系的误解,进而发掘出江氏在清代天算学史上的地位与影响,并由此探讨"西学东渐"时期传统士大夫在学术与政治之间的艰难困境和应对策略。     

张择端《清明上河图》卷新探

本文根据历史文献和相关文物考订,指出《清明上河图》卷中表现了党争事件的后果,画中所表现的女性盘福龙发式和短褙服饰等,时间指向皆为徽宗朝崇宁至大观年间(1102-1110)。作者用模拟航拍制图方式"俯瞰"画中的城市结构,发现无法对应宋代汴京地图,确定此图所绘并非北宋汴京实景。张择端概括提炼了汴京城内外一部分代表性景致,是汴京实情而非实景。作者结合当时的政治、军事和文化背景,解开画中诸多图像的历史密码,特别是画家在展现清明期间商贸繁华的汴京城时,出乎常情地表现了惊马闯市、船桥险情、官员争道、军力懈怠、城防涣散、消防缺失、商贸侵街、党祸渎文、酒患成灾等街头弊端,呈现出北宋末年沉重的社会危机,暗含着画家对社会的隐忧。     

El laberinto espacio-temporal en dos relatos de El llano en llamas de Juan Rulfo

The pattern of Latin American Boom criticism developed by Donald L. Shaw established that Juan Rulfo's protagonists are universal, not regional. In this interpretative mode, espoused by Graciela B. Coulson and others, Rulfo's characters are viewed as powerless to alter their own destinies. Humans are dominated and doomed by the hostile natural world that surrounds them. However, through a detailed analysis of Rulfo's technique and the internal and external structure of two of Rulfo's short stories in El llano en llamas—“No oyes ladrar a los perros” and “Es que somos muy pobres”—a new theoretical framework emerges for the study of Rulfo's work. In these two stories, Rulfo imagines the llano as a space that individuals control through their personal choices and actions. This article proposes, therefore, that Rulfo's protagonists are not victims of their environment, but rather the perpetrators of its violence.     

Moses' Cushite Wife echoes Hosea's Woman of Harlotries: Exposure of Unfaithfulness in the Wilderness

ABSTRACT

This paper suggests that Numbers 12 implies that the Cushite woman whom Moses marries is an immoral woman and that Moses' marriage with her is based on an implicit divine command which echoes the one God gives Hosea when exhorting him to marry a woman of harlotries. In both cases God wants the prophetic protagonist to experience infidelity, thus enabling him to experience what God feels like when Israel acts unfaithfully to Him. However, after experiencing the unfaithfulness of the Israelites in the narrative of the scouts Moses himself demonstrates unfaithfulness in Meribah. Moses' inability to respond appropriately to Israel's unfaithfulness at Baal-peor, an incident mentioned in Hos 9,10, reflects his inability to contend with the Israelites in the manner of Hosea.     

《全清词·顺康卷补编》拾遗

<全清词·顺康卷>第一册收陆世仪词1首,<全清词·顺康卷补编>未补陆词.赵尊岳尝刻陆氏<桴亭词>1卷,收词22阕,<全明词>亦收陆词22阕,除去与<全清词·顺康卷>重出者外,可补陆词21首.     

晚清中外船碰问题探论

两次鸦片战争之后,随着"条约制度"的形成,中国的江海航运权逐渐为外人所攘夺.由于西方航运势力的东侵,中国的江海航运呈现出多样化趋势.在此历史背景下,中外船只碰撞问题不可避免地产生了,而由船碰所生的中外交涉、华洋诉讼诸问题,则复杂多端.但中外各方,尤其是晚清政府所采取的应对措施以及颁布的一系列防碰章程,却成为中国近代海商立法之滥觞.     

新蔡葛陵楚简中的祭祷文书

本文对新蔡楚简中的一类简进行了初步的分类整理 ,并对其形制和书体、内容与格式、字词释读及相关问题进行了初步的探讨 ,认为这类简文是当时的祭祷文书