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1.
Sen You Long Wang John W. Olsen Ying Guan Quanchao Zhang 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2023,33(1):94-113
China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region has long been a vital link between Europe and Eastern Asia. Xinjiang's geographical location and natural environment have led to unique dietary habits and traditions among both the region's modern inhabitants and their ancient forebears. Here, we report on the analysis of human dental residue samples unearthed from the Jiayi Cemetery, a 10th to 2nd century BCE mortuary complex located in the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, generating ancient starch granules produced by vegetal foodstuffs. Morphological analysis of starch granules and comparative data indicate that crops of Triticeae tribe and subfamily Panicoideae comprised a large portion of the diet, whereas common legumes, nuts, root, and tuber were also present, although in relatively smaller proportions. The discovery of these plant starch granules in archaeological context provides direct evidence of the Jiayi population's vegetal diet and sheds light on agricultural practices during this period. With supporting evidence drawn from zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, and paleo-isotopic studies of Bronze Age sites in Xinjiang, we conclude that the people interred in the Jiayi Cemetery practiced cereal crop cultivation and animal husbandry in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The species of cereal crops represented suggest meaningful economic communication between Central and West Asia. 相似文献
2.
Plant microfossil analysis was carried out on deposits bearing Podtanean (2700–1800 years BP) ceramics from Mé Auré Cave, Moindou, New Caledonia. Starch residues of introduced Colocasia esculenta, Dioscorea esculenta and one or more, undifferentiated Dioscorea species were identified. The latter include Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera, D. nummularia and D. pentaphylla. The data provide the first direct evidence of prehistoric horticulture in New Caledonia. 相似文献
3.
Analysis of plant microfossils (phytoliths, pollen, and starch grains) from archaeological and paleoecological sediments in the humid Neotropical forest can provide information on some formerly intractable problems in American paleoethnobotany and archaeology. Each technique has strengths that redress the other's shortcomings, and all three microfossils can be recovered from early sites, securely identified, and dated. Agricultural origins, Pleistocene/ Holocene environmental changes, and the evolution of slash-and-burn agriculture are three important issues that yield substantial results to phytolith, pollen, and starch grain study. Microfossils of a number of domesticates, including maize, manioc, squash, bottle gourd, arrowroot, and leren, have been identified in contexts dating from 9000 to 7000 radiocarbon years B.P. The scope and methodology of traditional paleoethnobotany should be expanded to routinely include microfossil study. 相似文献
4.
While the importance of higher-mode actions is appreciated within the engineering community, the affect that ductile nonlinear response has on higher-mode characteristics and the subsequent implications this has for design has received little attention. In this article, the manner in which the higher-mode response of frame-wall structures is affected by inelastic behavior is closely examined and a means of accounting for this in design is proposed. The work focuses firstly on the characteristics of the higher modes present at the development of peak response and then considers how these characteristics would affect the total forces in the building. The study utilizes a series of nonlinear time-history analyses of two different groups of RC frame-wall structures subject to a suite of real records. It is shown that a new modal analysis approach that incorporates transitory inelastic modal characteristics gives significantly improved predictions of peak base shear in frame-wall structures than more traditional modal analysis methods which use elastic higher-mode characteristics. The issues associated with the use of transitory inelastic modal characteristics are discussed and various challenges that would need addressing for the prediction of other response parameters and structural types are identified. 相似文献
5.
Shanti Morell-Hart 《Journal of Field Archaeology》2019,44(4):234-249
What are useful quantitative approaches in situations with highly variable data quantities, contexts, and sampling strategies? How can paleoethnobotanical findings be interpreted without over-representing data or selling results short? Described here are several major issues and potential solutions. The four sites of the study are located northwestern Honduras, a region with fairly hostile environments for paleoethnobotanical preservation. For this reason, several types of botanical residues are combined to provide a more holistic picture of past ethnobotanical practices. In some cases, these data prove to be complementary, while in others, they are corroborative. This article includes tactics for integrating multiple sample protocols, multiple and overlapping diagnostic elements, multiple and overlapping clade categories, multiple and overlapping samples in a single locus, multiple and overlapping formation processes, and multiple and overlapping cultural practices. In each section, the issue, sampling strategies, quantitative approaches, and a few results are described. 相似文献
6.
Mark?HorrocksEmail author Simon?B.?Best 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2004,8(4):267-280
Microfossil analysis of latrine fills from the early European (1830s) settlement of Russell, northern New Zealand, provides direct evidence for diet. Microfossils identified include pollen of maize (Zea mays), Brassicaceae (e.g., mustard, broccoli), Allium type (e.g., onion) and mint (Mentha), and starch grains of maize and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Wetland microfossils (pollen and algal spores) provide clues to source and quality of drinking water. 相似文献
7.
Alison Crowther 《Archaeology in Oceania》2005,40(2):62-66
Starch granules and raphides were identified on the surfaces of undecorated Lapita pottery sherds from the Kamgot site, New Ireland, c. 3300 BP. The microbotanical remains provide direct evidence for on‐site plant‐processing. Preliminary identification of the residues based on their morphology suggests they are from the aroid, Colocasia esculenta (taro), but further analysis is required to confirm this identification. 相似文献
8.
Starch residue, pollen and phytolith analysis was carried out on coralline deposits from a c. 3050–2500 cal. yr BP Lapita site at Bourewa, Viti Levu, Fiji. Starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals and xylem cells of introduced Colocasia esculenta and Dioscorea esculenta were identified, involving a process of elimination of possible taxa by cross-correlation of microfossil types. The data provide an eastward extension of direct evidence of Lapita horticulture in Remote Oceania previously identified in Vanuatu. 相似文献
9.
《Archaeology in Oceania》2017,52(3):141-148
Expedient shell tool use among Oceanic peoples is widely known in ethnographic context but oftentimes almost impossible to identify in the archaeological record. This paper examines Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers, a potential artefact type in the Kingdom of Tonga that is defined by a consistently formed ventral margin. To assess the veracity of tool identification and to ensure that the edge has not been created through natural breakage, a series of experimental studies was undertaken. These illustrate that the functional edge can be formed only through intentional preparation using an inside‐out flaking technique on the ventral lip. A low‐powered starch test on archaeological specimens further illustrates the presence of starch on the prepared working plane. Finally, an analysis of archaeological specimens from five Tongan sites seeks additional insight on morphological variation within the tool type. 相似文献
10.
古代残留物分析在考古中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
动植物是人类社会发展的重要基石,它的利用是人类适应、改造和征服自然的物质基础,古代社会的方方面面都与之相关,因而动植物及其制品的残留物分析能提供古代社会丰富的信息。残留物分析重点在于从残留物中提取有机物。利用科学检测手段进行定性定量分析来判断残留物来源,从而了解古代动植物的加工、利用和相关载体的功能等。本文从DNA、淀粉粒、蛋白质、脂类、炭化物和酒等六个方面简要介绍了残留物分析的方法和进展,希望能促进残留物分析在中国的开展． 相似文献