论《联合国反腐败公约》第二十八条的预防功能

国家工作人员与亲属共同受贿,已经成为新时期腐败犯罪的稳定形式,与腐败的“高压”、“高发”有直接关系。引进《反腐败法》第二十八条,推定工作人员与亲属共同受贿犯罪的故意,有利于强化反腐败法律的预防功能,有利于强化长效反腐机制,有利于强化依法反腐机制,有利于提高诉讼效率。但不会导致我国现行刑法原则和刑事政策的变更。     

凭石说戏以玉乐友——罕见的玉玩精品《昆曲暗戏》

南京博物院所藏清代玉质"昆曲暗戏"涉及三十四折昆曲曲目,用料珍贵、工艺考究,为了解"昆曲暗戏"提供了珍贵的第一手资料。     

The benefits of foreign policy bipartisanship revisited: lessons from two Canadian cases

Although foreign policy bipartisanship in Westminster systems is often heralded as a normative good, there is an emerging scholarship which suggests that a bipartisan approach to foreign and defence policy comes with considerable costs. This article seeks to join that debate. It does so by examining two contemporary foreign/defence policy issues in Canadian politics: the mission in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014 and the efforts to replace the CF-18 Hornet flown by the Royal Canadian Air Force. These two cases do not offer clear conclusions about the normative argument about foreign policy bipartisanship. The embrace of a bipartisan approach to the Afghanistan mission confirms the criticism that bipartisanship can suppress public debate and did indeed distort a consideration of policy options. But the case of the CF-18 replacement suggests that there are significant costs if government and opposition replace a search for bipartisan consensus on key policy issues with an overt politicisation that seeks partisan advantage by ‘playing politics’ with foreign and defence policy issues, concluding that the quality of partisanship is a necessary condition to avoid the dysfunctions and costs of bipartisanship.     

松柏一号墓35号木牍与西汉南郡属县

松柏一号墓35号木牍所载汉武帝初年南郡"免老"、"新傅"、"罷癃"等3个统计簿,对研究西汉南郡政区地理具有重要价值。结合其它文献进行研究,可以就西汉南郡属县(包括道和侯国)的变动情况得出几点认识:江陵、巫、宜成、秭归、临沮、夷陵、州陵、夷道、中庐、邔等10个县、道、侯国,均与西汉朝相始终,且当一直属南郡;孱陵、索、下隽、竟陵、安陆、沙羡、轪等7个县、侯国,西汉前期应属南郡,之后分别转属他郡或他国;销、显陵、醴阳等3个县,当分别于西汉前期或后期废置,废置前均应属南郡;便侯国约于文帝时由长沙国迁入南郡,武帝元鼎五年国除,改置编县;枝江、当阳、郢、鄀等4个秦置县,西汉初或均废置,武帝初年以后又都复置,且属南郡;高成、华容、襄阳等3个县、侯国,均当为武帝初年以后新置,属南郡;西陵县,西汉时或从未属南郡。     

“四清”运动后期“二十三条”在山东曲阜的宣传与贯彻

1965年1月公布的"二十三条"是一个包含着许多"纠偏"条文而同时使"左"倾理论有了新发展的重要文件。"二十三条"在曲阜宣传与贯彻的过程中,文件中关于运动的性质特别是运动重点的规定,并未引起重视和关注,而文件中有关"纠偏"的一些具体政策却基本上都落实到位,从而使前一阶段运动中出现的"左"倾偏差有了较大程度的纠正。不过,在当时的时代背景下,"二十三条"毕竟没有也不可能跳出"以阶级斗争为纲"指导思想的窠臼,因此,依据该文件精神进行的纠"左"仍有相当的局限性。     

The Origin of Alliances: From Sparta to the EU’s Solidarity Clause

Abstract

According to the International Relations theory known as Realism, interstate interactions, whether ancient or modern, are motivated by the pursuit of hegemony of individual states, which act as monolithic groups in articulating their foreign policy decisions. The application of Realism to the study of Spartan foreign policy in the third century BC shows the validity of this theory in explaining certain aspects of ancient interstate interactions, as illustrated by the two alliances discussed in this article. The first, earlier alliance, between King of Macedonia Antigonos Gonatas and Sparta and some Peloponnesian cities, was made in response to the threat posed by King Pyrrhus of Epirus who was set on conquering them. The later alliance, between Sparta and other states, was made to stop the ambitions of King Antigonos Gonatas who controlled many cities of the Peloponnese and sought to conquer the whole of Greece. In forging such alliances, according to the Realist view, the states acted as large monolithic groups, yet a broader assessment of the available evidence shows the presence of smaller, subtler networks of individuals, which were paramount in articulating important foreign policy decisions. The comparison of Spartan decision making with the activation in 2009 of the EU’s Solidarity Clause, included in Article 222 of The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), indicates that the activation of this clause too required the consensus of several European governing bodies. By bringing to light the critical role played by smaller networks of power in foreign policy decision making in the ancient and the current-day EU alliances, this article exposes both the merits and the limits of the Realist international relations theory.     

甲骨缀合三十五则

本文研究的是甲骨缀合 ,共缀合甲骨 3 5则     

魏晋南北朝文体理论之特色

魏晋南北朝时期的体理论在强调体语言风格之外,更加突出思想内容、体本质和语言风格的和谐统一的美学要求。     

美好的远景和过高的预期--农业合作化高潮形成的原因之一

1955年底1956年初,在"四十条"所描绘的远景吸引下,许多农民抱着过高预期纷纷加入了高级社,这是农业合作化高潮形成的原因之一.由于预期加入高级社后收入可以大幅增加,许多农民不愿再从事原先对其具有吸引力的非农职业,有些农民也不愿从事副业生产.这一方面说明,许多农民加入高级社的确是自愿的,但是另一方面也意味着,许多农民的自愿是建立在不尽现实的过高预期之上的,带有很大的虚假性和盲目性.     

ON THE AGE AND CONTENT OF JAR‐35—A SEALED AND INTACT STORAGE JAR FOUND ON THE SOUTHERN PLATEAU OF QUMRAN*

An intact and sealed storage jar known as Jar‐35 was found in 2004, south of the Qumran settlement. A previous study identified tartrate in the deposit of the jar, indicating the possible past presence of wine ( Buti et al. 2006 ). However, we cannot confirm this finding. Using liquid and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, no trace of tartaric acid or salts thereof could be detected in our samples. We show that the major component of the deposit is gypsum. No other organic compounds were identified with the methods that we have applied. Both radiocarbon dating of charcoal in the deposit and thermoluminescence dating of the ceramic jar show that it dates to the main period of habitation at Qumran (c. 100 bc to ad 70).