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101.
Alexander Schmidt 《History of European Ideas》2015,41(5):619-639
SummaryThis article studies the impact of the debate about human sociability on the crisis of natural law in the later eighteenth century examining the Untersuchungen über den Stand der Natur of 1780 by the Göttingen scholar Michael Hissmann. It makes the case that this crisis ensued from Rousseau's Discours sur l‘inégalité and a revival of neo-Epicurean trends in moral philosophy more generally. The sociability debate revolved around the question to what extent society was natural or artificial to man. This had important implications for the problem of whether distinctions between right and wrong or just and unjust were natural and inborn, or had developed at a much later stage of mankind's history, reflecting merely the respective needs and utility of different societies and cultures. Hissmann's essay summarises this European debate concisely. His point of departure is Rousseauian premises, yet his political conclusions turn Rousseau upside down. Here, Hissmann's essay opens up several questions regarding the allegedly radical political character of one-substance theories in philosophy. 相似文献
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Alexander Jordan 《History of European Ideas》2015,41(2):221-240
SummaryBorn to a noble family in the Italian Trentino, Prati studied philosophy in Austria and Germany. Returning to Italy, he joined the carbonari, a network of revolutionary secret societies. Forced into exile in Switzerland, he worked as an educator alongside Pestalozzi. Following his expulsion from Switzerland, Prati sought refuge in Britain, becoming acquainted with Coleridge, the Benthamite utilitarians, and the Owenites. Following the July Revolution, Prati went to Paris, where he became a Saint-Simonian. Returning to Britain, he sought to convert the British to Saint-Simonism, before undertaking a series of other literary projects. He eventually returned to Italy, where he entered into correspondence with the Roman Catholic philosopher Antonio Rosmini. Prati left behind him a trail of letters, newspaper articles, pamphlets, and books, written in four different European languages. These have been hitherto neglected by scholars, and constitute the basis of the current article. 相似文献
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Lior Regev Alexander Zukerman Louise Hitchcock Aren M. Maeir Steve Weiner Elisabetta Boaretto 《Journal of archaeological science》2010
Hydraulic plasters or mortars prior to the Roman period are rare. Here, we report the identification and characterization of 3000 year old (Iron Age) hydraulic plaster surfaces from the site of Tell es-Safi/Gath. This site, located in central Israel, was occupied almost continuously from prehistoric through modern times, and is identified as the Canaanite and Philistine city of Gath. A survey using an on-site Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) identified the presence of amorphous silicates, in addition to calcite, in each of two superimposed plaster layers. This suite of minerals is characteristic of hydraulic plaster. An in-depth characterization of the plasters using FTIR, acid dissolution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffractometry (pXRD), heating experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), shows that special silicate-containing minerals were brought from some distance to the site in order to produce these plaster surfaces. We therefore conclude that the plasters were deliberately produced, and were not the result of a fortuitous addition of local silicate minerals. A layer of around 150 μm thick enriched in carbonate hydroxylapatite was found in both plaster surfaces, and the same mineral was identified by infrared spectrometry in the surrounding sediments. This suggests that organic materials were used on these surfaces. These surfaces are among the oldest hydraulic plasters known. 相似文献
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Wolf Beyer E-mail: gwbeyer@gmx.net und Friedrich Bluth E-mail: bluth@t-online.de 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2004,28(2):52-55
Denn eins ist sicher: Die Rente. Der vielzitierte Satz des früheren Arbeits- und Sozialministers Norbert Blüm klingt heute vielen wie Hohn. Der Altersaufbau der deutschen Bevölkerung erinnert grafisch immer mehr an einen Baum auf dünnem Stämmchen als an eine Pyramide. Angesichts dessen rücken demographische Entwicklungen mehr und mehr in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit. Besonders die neuen Bundesländer sind massiv von Abwanderung und einem nie dagewesenen Geburtenrückgang betroffen.
DIPL.-GEOGR. UTE C. BAUER
sprach mit
FRIEDRICH BLUTH
und
WOLF BEYER
über die Besonderheiten der demographischen Prozesse in Berlin und Brandenburg. Beyer leitete bis Anfang 2004 das brandenburgische Referat für Raumbeobachtung. Seine Aufgabe bestand darin, Planungsgrundlagen für die Gemeinsame Landesplanung Berlin-Brandenburg(GL) zu schaffen. Dazu zählen auch Bevölkerungsprognosen für die Kreise und Städte Brandenburgs. Bluth ist in der Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung Berlin beschäftigt und leitet dort die Gruppe Stadtwissen, Stadtentwicklungsmonitoring, Bevölkerungsprognose. 相似文献
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