秦俑彩绘底层生漆研究

通过数十年的考古钻探和发掘资料证明,秦兵马俑一、二、三号陪葬坑共埋藏陶俑、陶马近8000余件。从已发掘出土的情况来看,陶体表面均施有色彩明快、艳丽多姿的彩绘。近年来,随着文物保护工作的不断深入,经过大量的分析测试和实验研究,基本搞清了秦兵马俑的彩绘层次结构。     

黔中屯堡人祖籍“南京应天府石灰巷”考辨——兼与云南“南京柳树湾高石坎”比较

黔中屯堡人多指认自己的祖籍是“南京应天府石灰巷”,家谱族谱中可看到各省都出现“石灰巷”的地名。在对南京自明代以来地名考察后发现,这是清代以后才出现的地名,兼与云南移民指认家乡为“南京柳树湾高石坎”相比较,我们认为屯堡后裔通过对祖先“调北征南”光荣使命的颂扬,下意识地将调北填南、充军放逐等“次等来源”进行改造,“征南将士”被看成这一族群的“共同血统”,这种身份意识强化了屯堡人的祖宗崇拜。帝辇之下的“南京应天府石灰巷”,就成为屯堡人的“共同家乡”,它更象是一个由话语构建的“精神故乡”。     

Neurocranial abnormalities of the Gongwangling Homo erectus from Lantian,China

The Homo erectus cranium found at Gongwangling, near Lantian, China, and dated to ≈1.2 ma BP has been analyzed with respect to its evolutionary position. However, the remains, and especially the internal and external surfaces of the neurocranium, present a series of marked abnormalities. These irregularities consist principally of a pronounced cresting and scalloping of the external surface of the frontal bone and anterior parietal bone and a similar alteration of the internal surface of a mid transverse section of parietal bone that connects with the fossilization break across the anterior parietal bone. There is no obvious exposure of diploë on the surfaces. Woo (Vertebrata PalAsiatica 10:1–16, 1966) briefly ascribed these abnormalities to postmortem erosion, and Caspari (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 102:565–568, 1997) has attributed the irregularities of the right supraorbital torus to antemortem trauma. It has been suggested that the pervasive neurocranial alterations might be pathological. Computerized tomography (CT) analysis of the frontal and parietal bones revealed complete radiopacity of the anterior half of the fossil; it is possible to distinguish large frontal sinuses but other details, including in the area of the purported traumatic lesion, are invisible. However, in the posterior frontal bone and preserved portions of the parietal bone the diploë and tables are discernible. Externally on the frontoparietal section and internally on the transverse parietal piece, there are clear erosional lacunae in the associated table, combined with a thin layer of matrix which obscures the eroded diploë externally. The superficial irregularities are therefore due to postmortem taphonomic alterations of the bone and not pathological processes. In addition, it is apparent that the two pieces were embedded in the matrix at different angles, resulting in their differential erosion.     

从商代东土的人文地理格局谈东夷族群的流动与分化

自二里冈上层文化时期开始的商人东进,在山东境内造成了商与东夷文化的对峙。地理格局的差异,对商人在其东土不同区域的统治方式产生重要影响。商人东进改变了夷人的分布地域、政治结构、经济生活和文化面貌,造成其内部体系的初步分化;加上周人东征,最终造成了淮夷与东夷的分离。     

正视历史是发展中日关系的重大课题

20世纪的历史教训值得铭记,维护和发展和平友好的国际环境是人类共同的责任,当今日本社会对历史认知与和平友好的人数比例上存在着“人间大,两头小”的客观现状,这是由于日本人有缺陷的和平观,偏颇的历史观和教育的偏向性造成的,日本应向亚洲各受害国人民真诚地谢罪,勇敢地承担起战争的责任,中日两国应面向未来,以前瞻的态度处理中日关系,共同为亚洲的稳定与发展及世界的和平做出贡献。     

三峡地区瓷器组成因素及其特征研究

近年来的考古发掘中出土的三峡地区的古代器物以石器、陶器等居多,而瓷器发现相对较少,导致相关的研究也比较滞后。本文即以复旦大学2001年对三峡麻柳沱的发掘为前提,综合三峡其他墓葬遗址所出材料,对三峡地区瓷器的起源、发展以及组成因素,三峡地区阶段性经济发展等问题作一个初步的探讨。     

斯巴达“监察官”与政治分权

深刻认识古代斯巴达的"监察官"历史价值必须要有新的视角。古典时期斯巴达的监察官主要代表了平民的利益,它的职权以监督、司法权为主,行政、宗教、军事和立法等权力为辅。监察官的建立推进了斯巴达的政治分权,增加了斯巴达政治的民主成分。     

现代口述史的产生及相关几个概念的辨析

口述历史是针对文献证史而言的,产生于20世纪中期。它以录音为依据,是口述者与史学工作者合作的成果,所以既不同于传统的口述方法,也不同于回忆录。口述史学在学科层次上与史料学大体相当,从属于历史学。     

带"吴"字的苏州老报纸

从清末到民国时期,苏州先后有140种报纸创办发行,其中带"吴"字的报纸占了总数的1/10强,约16种。本文以不长的篇幅对这16种带"吴"字的报纸作了简单的介绍。