A Modified Capacity Spectrum Method with Direct Calculation of Seismic Intensity of Points on Capacity Curve

A direct methodology for solving the seismic intensity of each point on the capacity curve is proposed. By utilizing the procedure, a continuous curve between the structural response and the seismic intensity, the structural response function, can be easily generated. Unlike previous procedures that search for the performance point of a determined seismic intensity, the proposed methodology easily draws the full curve without iterations. The procedure is applicable to both a smooth design spectrum and an actual response spectrum. Examples indicate the methodology is accurate and fast, and convenient to be combined with existing procedures, such as Modal Pushover Analysis.     

射艺、纪恩与威德:乾隆皇帝与熊

熊是传统礼制中,天子和诸侯在射礼中的靶标,而乾隆皇帝的政治生命,实起于猎熊。即位后,他创新礼制,将满洲行围旧俗和传统射礼的礼制相结合,形成了新军礼秋狝,而典礼的高潮之一即为射熊。他不仅撰写诗文来纪念祖父助他射熊旧事和自己的猎熊活动,还将熊皮披覆于木胎之上,用作藏传佛教神坛陈设的配祀神像,后改为油画木胎熊配祀。对于乾隆皇帝而言,熊不仅仅是一种猎物,也成了军礼射艺、纪祖父施恩与战神威德的投射。     

考古发现所见两汉琥珀印探述

琥珀制品在两汉时期风靡一时,琥珀印在琥珀制品中颇具特色。本文在对中国境内考古发现所见两汉琥珀印资料收集与整理的基础上,对其出土地域、自身特征、出土位置及伴出物品等问题进行了探讨。研究表明出土琥珀印的墓葬等级较高,且出土位置特殊,并伴随有水晶、玛瑙、海蓝宝等贵重宝石。这些宝石的产地可能源自南亚或东南亚地区,而这类随葬品在两汉墓葬中的流行亦体现了当时物质交流的成果。     

清新雅致的中国古代文房用具（下）

三文房清玩广义的＂文房清玩＂,可以指所有具有或兼具欣赏功能的古代文房用具,狭义的概念即＂文玩＂,特指与书写和绘画实用功能无关,专门用于营造书房清雅情趣的玩赏类器物,其特点是器型小巧奇特,适于手中把玩,而且工艺精致,清雅脱俗,最能体现文人雅士的审美情趣。最具代表性的文玩材质,是那些便于文人雅士亲自操刀的竹、木、牙、石之类,而且其久经抚玩,会产生滋润莹厚的包浆,时间愈久愈发可爱。依＂文玩＂制作的年代,可大致划分为时作文玩和古玩二类。时作文玩,是指以一个时代流行的器型和纹饰样式制作的各类用于文房把玩的小件工艺品。     

Characterization of dyes in ancient textiles from Yingpan,Xinjiang

In this paper we analyzed the natural dyes in well-preserved, ancient textiles from Yingpan, an important archaeological site on the Silk Road, using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Dyes were removed from textile fibers using a soft extraction method (pyridine, water and oxalic acid). Two species of madder-type plants, Rubia tinctorum and Rubia cordifolia were identified as the dye sources in red and brown samples. We also were able to detect unusual flavonoid glycosides in yellow and green woolen yarns, although we have not been able to pinpoint with certainty a specific plant that may have been used to produce this dye(s). On the other hand, we found that yellow and green silk threads had been colored with protoberberine-type dyes, probably obtained from species of cork tree, Phellodendron spp., and/or other protoberberine producing plant. We propose that the textile dyes found at Yingpan reflect a merging of Eastern and Western practices and technologies during the 800-year period (206 BCE–618 CE) encompassing the early years of the Silk Road.     

Spatial–temporal distribution and geographic context of Neolithic cultural sites in the Hanjiang River Basin,Southern Shaanxi,China

Understanding how to live successfully within our environment is among the most pressing challenges facing contemporary society. This paper probes the problem based on comparative analysis and discusses the relationship between the spatial–temporal distribution of the Neolithic cultural sites and the geographic context in the Hanjiang River Basin in the south of Shaanxi Province, China. Archaeological studies have identified 175 Neolithic cultural sites in the study area, with a sequence of Laoguantai (¹⁴C age 8–7 ka BP), Yangshao (¹⁴C age 7–5 ka BP) and the late period of the Neolithic Age (¹⁴C age 5–4 ka BP). The total number of archaeological sites, the distribution area and the density all showed an early ascending and later descending trend, but the proportion of the number of archaeological sites in the study area to the corresponding value of the entire Shaanxi Province declined sharply. Spatially, these sites were concentrated on the terraces of the Hanjiang River and its main tributaries with an altitude of 400–800 m. Multiple data were integrated to clarify the critical effects of tectonic and geomorphologic conditions on the distribution of the Neolithic sites. Further comparisons revealed the correlation of Holocene climate change and environmental evolution with the Neolithic cultural succession in the study area that ameliorated conditions to generally promote the development of the primitive culture while degeneration coincided with the culture's transition or interruption. The discussion on the origin of the primitive culture and the temporal–spatial distribution corresponding to the regional culture differentiation sheds light on the complex and dynamic human–nature interaction system during the Neolithic Age, thus emphasising the wider field-based investigation and high-resolution reconstruction works of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the future.     

从信息网络到城市群区内数码城市的建立

人类进入21世纪后,全球经济一体化的新形势下,工业化、城市化推动了全社会信息产业的迅速发展,尤其是大城市之间的信息高速公路、因特网等计算机技术和遥感技术发展更快。本文着重探讨了三个问题:①城市空间的信息网络世界;②信息行业对城市发展的潜在作用(协作效应、替代效应、衍生效应等)以及对城市空间扩展的影响;③城市群区内数码城市的建立,促进了城市现代化。     

梁启超对洋务派的批判

批判洋务思想和洋务派是梁启超变法思想的重要组成部分之一。梁氏认为 ,洋务派也讲变法 ,也谈西学 ,但成效甚微 ,最根本的原因是其变法不知“本原”;并指出 ,洋务派的病根在于“不以民为重 ,其一切法制皆务压制其民”,从而击中了洋务派的要害 ,从政治上划清了维新派与洋务派的界限     

文化分类的两个含义

文化分类有两个含义：一是指文化所有者的符号系统,包括其对外间世界和自我的全部类概念、隐喻、象征等同质媒介体系。二是指人类学者为分析文化所选取的分类描述框架。前者与认知人类学(Cognitive